S
- Anna Maria van Schurman, (1607–1678)
- John Sergeant, (1623–1704)
- Anthony Ashley-Cooper, 3rd Earl of Shaftesbury, (1671–1713)12
- Baruch Spinoza, (1632–1677)12
- James Dalrymple, 1st Viscount Stair, (1619–1695)
- Edward Stillingfleet, (1635–1699)
- Gabrielle Suchon, (1631–1703)
- Emanuel Swedenborg, (1688–1772)
- Algernon Sydney, (1623–1683)
Read more about this topic: List Of Philosophers Born In The 17th Century