P-T
- Paracelsus, (1493–1541)
- Francesco Patrizi da Cherso (or Franciscus Patritius) (1529–1597)
- Giovanni Pico della Mirandola, (1463–1494)12*
- Pietro Pomponazzi, (1462–1525)12
- François Rabelais, (1493–1553)
- Petrus Ramus, (1515–1572)
- Raghunatha Siromani, (c. 1477–1547)
- Francisco Sanches, (1551–1623)
- Julius Caesar Scaliger, (1484–1558)
- Michal Sedziwój, (1566–1636)
- John Selden, (1584–1654)
- Francesco Silvestri (or Francis Sylvester of Ferrara), (1474–1528)
- Sosan Hyujong, (1520–1604)
- Domingo de Soto, (1494–1560)
- Francisco Suárez, (1548–1617)12*
- Nicolaus Taurellus, (1547–1606)
- Bernardino Telesio, (1509–1588)
- Teresa of Avila, (1515–1582)
- Francisco Toledo, (1532–1596)
Read more about this topic: List Of Philosophers Born In The 15th And 16th Centuries