L-O
- Isaac La Peyrère, (1596–1676)
- Justus Lipsius, (1547–1606)
- Liu Tsung-chou (or Ch'i-shan), (1578–1645)
- Martin Luther, (1483–1546)12
- Niccolò Machiavelli, (1469–1527)12
- John Major (or John Mair), (1467–1550)12
- Juan de Mariana, (1536–1624)
- Jacopo Mazzoni, (1548–1598)
- Bartolomé de Medina, (1527–1580)
- Philipp Melanchthon, (1497–1560)
- Marin Mersenne, (1588–1648)
- Judah Messer Leon, (c. 1425-c. 1495)
- Mikyo Dorje (or Mi bskyod rdo rje), (1507–1554)
- Muhammad Baqir Mir Damad (or Sayyid al-Afadil or Ishraq or Ibn al-Damad), (d. 1631)
- Luis de Molina, (1535–1600)12
- Michel de Montaigne, (1533–1592)12
- Thomas More, (1478–1535)*
- Mulla Sadra, (1571–1640)12
- Nicholas of Cusa, (1401–1464)12*
- Agostino Nifo, (1470–1538)
- Richard Overton, (c. 1599-1664)
Read more about this topic: List Of Philosophers Born In The 15th And 16th Centuries