P~R
- Jan Parandowski, writer, essayist, and translator, born in Lviv
- Jakub Karol Parnas, biochemist, born in Mokriany, near Drohobych
- Yevhen Petrushevych, President of Western Ukrainian People's Republic, born in Busk
- Volodymyr Petryshyn, mathematician, born in Liashky Murovani, Lviv
- Simhah Pinsker, archeologist, born in Ternopil
- Oskar Piotrowski, chess master, lived in Lviv
- Mykola Plaviuk, President of Ukrainian People's Republic in exile (1989–92), born in Russiv, near Stanislav
- Rudolf Pöch, Austrian anthropologist and ethnologist, born in Ternopil
- Stepan Popel, chess master, born in Komarniki, near Turka
- Ignatz von Popiel, chess master, born in Drohobych
- Alfred Józef Potocki, Count, Minister-President of Austria (1870–71), born in Łańcut
- Omeljan Pritsak, Ukrainian historian and orientalist, born in Luka near Sambir
- Włodzimierz Puchalski, photographer and film director, born in Mostki Wielkie, near Lviv
- Ivan Pulyui, Ukrainian physicist and inventor, born in Hrymailiv
- Jan Puzyna de Kosielsko, Prince, Roman Catholic auxiliary bishop of Lvov and Bishop of Cracow, Cardinal, born in Gwoździec
- Joseph Ludwig Raabe, Swiss mathematician, born in Brody
- Isidor Isaac Rabi, Austrian-American physicist (Nobel Prize in 1944), born in Rymanów
- Karl Radek, Bolshevik politician, born in Lviv
- Samuel Judah Löb Rapoport (Shir), born in Lviv
- Alfred Redl, Austrian counter-intelligence officer, born in Lviv
- Wilhelm Reich, Austrian psychoanalyst, born in Dobrzanica, a village near Peremyshliany
- Józef Retinger, Polish-Austrian-Mexican-British political adviser, born in Cracow
- Emanuel Ringelblum, Polish Jewish historian, born in Buchach
- Shalom Rokeach, first Rebbe of Belz
- Yehoshua Rokeach, second Rebbe of Belz
- Yissachar Dov Rokeach (I), third Rebbe of Belz
- Aharon Rokeach, fourth Rebbe of Belz
- Mordechai Rokeach, Rav of the town of Bilgoray, born in Belz
- Oleg Romanishin, chess master, born in Lviv
- Jakob Rosanes, German mathematician, born in Brody
- Jakob Rosenfeld, Chinese general, born in Lviv
- Erna Rosenstein, painter and poet, born in Lviv
- Henry Roth, American writer, born in Tysmenitz near Stanislau
- Joseph Roth, Austrian writer of Jewish descent, born in Brody
- Adam Daniel Rotfeld, Polish minister of foreign affairs, born in Peremyshliany
- Tadeusz Rozwadowski, Chief of the General Staff of the Polish Army, born in Babin, near Kalush
- Helena Rubinstein, cosmetics industrialist, born in Cracow
- Jaroslav Rudnyckyj, Ukrainian Canadian linguist, born in Przemyśl
- Edward Rydz-Śmigły, Polish marshal and commander-in-chief, born in Berezhany
Read more about this topic: List Of People From Galicia (Eastern Europe) (modern Period)