L~O
- Manfred Lachs, Polish diplomat and jurist, born in Stanislau
- Salo Landau, Dutch chess master, born in Bochnia
- Hersch Lauterpacht, British judge, born in Zhovkva
- Pinhas Lavon, Israeli politician, born in Kopychyntsi
- Stanisław Jerzy Lec (de Tusch-Letz), writer, born in Lviv
- Stanisław Lem, writer, born in Lviv
- Juliusz Leo, politician and academic, Mayor of Cracow (1904–18), born in Stebnik, near Drohobych
- Bohdan Lepky, Ukrainian poet and writer, born in Krehulets, Husiatyn district
- Hirschel Levin, Chief Rabbi at London and Berlin, born in Rzeszów
- Kost Levitsky, Ukrainian politician, born in Tysmenytsya
- Herman Lieberman, politician, born in Drohobych
- Ephraim Moses Lilien, Jewish photographer, born in Drohobych
- Marta Litinskaya-Shul, chess woman grandmaster, born in Lviv
- Roman Longchamps de Bérier, lawyer, the last rector of the Jan Kazimierz University, born in Lviv
- George Stephen Nestor Luckyj, scholar of Ukrainian literature, born in Yanchyn, near Lviv
- Ignacy Łukasiewicz, inventor (petroleum industry)
- Jan Łukasiewicz, logician, born in Lviv
- Oleh Luzhny, football (soccer) player and coach, born in Lviv
- Vyacheslav Lypynsky, politician and historian, born in Volodymyr-Volynskyi
- Bl. Roman Lysko, Ukrainian Greek Catholic priest, born in Horodok, near Lviv
- Stanisław Maczek, general of the Polish Army, born in Szczerzec, near Lviv
- Ephraim Zalman Margolis, Talmudic scholar, born in Brody
- Max Margules, meteorologist, born in Brody
- Samuel Hirsch Margulies, Chief Rabbi of Florence, born in Berezhany
- Jan Matejko, painter, born in Cracow
- Stanislaw Mazur, mathematician, born in Lviv
- Józef Mehoffer, painter, born in Ropczyce
- Andriy Melnyk, leader of the Ukrainian nationalist movement, born near Drohobych
- Carl Menger, the founder of the Austrian School of Economics, born in Neu Sandez
- Adrian Mikhalchishin, Ukrainian-Slovenian chess master, born in Lviv
- Ludwig von Mises, the foremost representative of the Austrian School of Economics, born in Lviv
- Richard von Mises, a mathematical physicist and statistician, born in Lviv
- Helena Modjeska, actress, born in Cracow
- Ralph Modjeski, engineer, born in Bochnia
- Kalikst Morawski, chess master, born in Boryszkowce, near Borshchiv
- Janusz Morgenstern, film director and producer, born in Mikulińce, near Ternopil
- Soma Morgenstern, writer and journalist, born in Budaniv
- Franz Xaver Wolfgang Mozart, the youngest son of Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart, lived and worked in Lviv
- Andrzej Munk, film director, born in Cracow
- Lewis Bernstein Namier, British politician and historian, born in Wola Okrzejska
- Joseph Saul Nathanson, rabbi and posek, born in Berezhany
- Hryhoriy Nestor, shepherd, born in Carpathian Mountains
- Nikifor (Epifaniusz Drowniak), Ruthenian (Lemko) painter, born in Krynica
- Leopold Okulicki, general, last commander-in-chief of the Home Army, born in Bratucice, near Bochnia
- Joseph Oleskiw, Ukrainian writer, born in Skvariava Nova, near Zhovkva
- Menachem Oren (Mieczysław Chwojnik), Polish-Israeli chess master and mathematician
- Władysław Orlicz, mathematician from Okocim
- Ostap Ortwin, a literary critic, born in Tłumacz, near Stanislau
- Bohdan Osadchuk, historian and journalist, born in Kolomyia
- Stanisław Ostrowski, third President of Poland in exile (1972–79), born in Lviv
- Józef Maksymilian Ossoliński, Count, the founder of the Ossolineum, born in Wola Mielecka, near Mielec
Read more about this topic: List Of People From Galicia (Eastern Europe) (modern Period)