Europe
- 1815 - With the defeat of Napoleon in 1814, Europe is substantially reorganized with France losing large amounts of territory. and the reorganization of the German states.
- 1830 - Greeks gain their freedom after 400 years under Ottomans
- 1839 - Belgium separated from Netherlands. Major part of Grand Duchy of Luxembourg became Belgian Province of Luxembourg. The Duchy of Limburg separated from Netherlands and joined in the German Confederation
- 1860 - The process of Italian unification begins to take place. March 5 - Parma, Tuscany, Modena and Romagna vote in referendums to join the Kingdom of Sardinia. France forces the Kingdom of Sardinia to cede Savoy and Nice to their country. Sardinia occupies most of the Papal States with the exception of a narrow strip of land comprising Rome.
- 1861 - The Kingdom of Italy is founded by the unification of the Kingdom of Sardinia, the United Provinces of Central Italy (a Sardinian client state), and the Kingdom of Two Sicilies.
- 1864 - Denmark is forced to concede Schleswig to Prussia and Holstein to Austria
- 1866 - Austria cedes Holstein to Prussia and Lombardy-Venetia to Italy, a Prussian ally, after Austria loses the Austro-Prussian War. Prussia annexes the Kingdom of Hannover.
- 1867 - Prussia and the north German states unite to form the North German Federation.
- 1870 - Rome joins Italy.
- 1871 - The North German Federation and the south German states with the exception of Austria-Hungary join together to form the German Empire, the state which is considered the beginning of modern-day Germany. Alsace-Lorraine ceded by France to Germany.
- 1878 - the Ottoman Empire is forced to concede territory to Serbia and Bulgaria and Bosnia and Herzegovina becomes a protectorate of Austria-Hungary.
- 1905 - Norway separates from Sweden.
- 1908 - Austria-Hungary annexes their protectorate of Bosnia and Herzegovina.
- 1912 - 1913 - The two Balkan Wars occur and end with the Ottoman Empire being forced to concede more territory during the Treaty of Bucharest (1913). This included allowing the creation of the state of Albania. Serbia expands to Vardar Macedonia, gaining regions including Ohrid, Bitola, Kosovo, Štip, and Kočani Greece gains Epirus, southern Macedonia, Thessaloniki, Kavala, and parts of the Aegean Littoral. Bulgaria gains Strumica, Western Thrace, and a section of the Aegean Littoral. With these losses, the Ottoman Empire is almost completely cut off from Europe.
Read more about this topic: List Of National Border Changes From 1815 To 1914
Famous quotes containing the word europe:
“All the terrors of the French Republic, which held Austria in awe, were unable to command her diplomacy. But Napoleon sent to Vienna M. de Narbonne, one of the old noblesse, with the morals, manners, and name of that interest, saying, that it was indispensable to send to the old aristocracy of Europe men of the same connection, which, in fact, constitutes a sort of free- masonry. M. de Narbonne, in less than a fortnight, penetrated all the secrets of the imperial cabinet.”
—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)
“The Federated Republic of Europe—the United States of Europe—that is what must be. National autonomy no longer suffices. Economic evolution demands the abolition of national frontiers. If Europe is to remain split into national groups, then Imperialism will recommence its work. Only a Federated Republic of Europe can give peace to the world.”
—Leon Trotsky (1879–1940)
“Never before since Jamestown and Plymouth Rock has our American civilization been in such danger as now.... [The Nazis] have made it clear that not only do they intend to dominate all life and thought in their own country, but also to enslave the whole of Europe, and then to use the resources of Europe to dominate the rest of the world.”
—Franklin D. Roosevelt (1882–1945)