List of Human Hormones - Peptide

Peptide

Name Abbreviation Tissue Cells Receptor Target Tissue Effect
Amylin (or Islet Amyloid Polypeptide) IAPP pancreas pancreatic β-cells amylin receptor slowing down gastric emptying, inhibition of digestive secretion, and reducing food intake
Antimullerian hormone (or Müllerian inhibiting factor or hormone) AMH testes Sertoli cell AMHR2 Inhibit release of prolactin and TRH from anterior pituitary
Adiponectin Acrp30 adipose tissue adiponectin receptors
Adrenocorticotropic hormone (or corticotropin) ACTH anterior pituitary corticotrope ACTH receptor → cAMP synthesis of corticosteroids (glucocorticoids and androgens) in adrenocortical cells
Angiotensinogen and angiotensin AGT liver angiotensin receptor → IP3 vasoconstriction

release of aldosterone from adrenal cortex dipsogen.
Antidiuretic hormone (or vasopressin, arginine vasopressin) ADH posterior pituitary Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons in hypothalamus
Magnocellular neurosecretory cells in posterior pituitary		 several retention of water in kidneys
moderate vasoconstriction
Release ACTH in anterior pituitary
Atrial-natriuretic peptide (or atriopeptin) ANP heart ANP receptor → cGMP
Brain natriuretic peptide BNP heart Cardiac myocytes NPR (To a minor degree than ANP) reduce blood pressure by:

reducing systemic vascular resistance, reducing blood water, sodium and fats
Calcitonin CT thyroid gland parafollicular cell CT receptor → cAMP Construct bone, reduce blood Ca2+
Cholecystokinin CCK duodenum CCK receptor Release of digestive enzymes from pancreas
Release of bile from gallbladder
Hunger suppressant
Corticotropin-releasing hormone CRH hypothalamus CRF1 → cAMP Release ACTH from anterior pituitary
Enkephalin Kidney Chromaffin cells Opioid receptor Regulate pain
Endothelin Stomach X cells ET receptor Smooth muscle contraction of stomach
Erythropoietin EPO kidney Extraglomerular mesangial cells EpoR Stimulate erythrocyte production
Follicle-stimulating hormone FSH anterior pituitary gonadotrope FSH receptor → cAMP In female: stimulates maturation of Graafian follicles in ovary.

In male: spermatogenesis, enhances production of androgen-binding protein by the Sertoli cells of the testes
Galanin GAL central nervous system and gastrointestinal tract GALR1, GALR2, and GALR3 modulation and inhibition of action potentials in neurons
Gastrin GRP stomach, duodenum G cell CCK2 Secretion of gastric acid by parietal cells
Ghrelin stomach P/D1 cell ghrelin receptor Stimulate appetite,

secretion of growth hormone from anterior pituitary gland
Glucagon GCG pancreas alpha cells Glucagon receptor → cAMP glycogenolysis and gluconeogenesis in liver

increases blood glucose level
Gonadotropin-releasing hormone GnRH hypothalamus GnRH receptor → IP3 Release of FSH and LH from anterior pituitary.
Growth hormone-releasing hormone GHRH hypothalamus GHRH receptor → IP3 Release GH from anterior pituitary
Human chorionic gonadotropin hCG placenta syncytiotrophoblast cells LH receptor → cAMP promote maintenance of corpus luteum during beginning of pregnancy

Inhibit immune response, towards the human embryo.
Human placental lactogen HPL placenta increase production of insulin and IGF-1

increase insulin resistance and carbohydrate intolerance
Growth hormone GH or hGH anterior pituitary somatotropes GH receptor stimulates growth and cell reproduction

Release Insulin-like growth factor 1 from liver
Inhibin testes, ovary, fetus Sertoli cells of testes
granulosa cells of ovary
trophoblasts in fetus		 anterior pituitary Inhibit production of FSH
Insulin INS pancreas beta cells insulin receptor, IGF-1, IGF-2 Intake of glucose, glycogenesis and glycolysis in liver and muscle from blood

intake of lipids and synthesis of triglycerides in adipocytes Other anabolic effects
Insulin-like growth factor (or somatomedin) IGF liver Hepatocytes insulin receptor, IGF-1 insulin-like effects

regulate cell growth and development
Leptin LEP adipose tissue LEP-R decrease of appetite and increase of metabolism.
Lipotropin LPH anterior pituitary Corticotropes lipolysis and steroidogenesis,
stimulates melanocytes to produce melanin
Luteinizing hormone LH anterior pituitary gonadotropes LHR → cAMP In female: ovulation

In male: stimulates Leydig cell production of testosterone
Melanocyte stimulating hormone MSH or α-MSH anterior pituitary/pars intermedia Melanotroph melanocortin receptor → cAMP melanogenesis by melanocytes in skin and hair
Motilin MLN Small intestine Motilin receptor stimulates gastric activity
Orexin hypothalamus OX1, OX2 wakefulness and increased energy expenditure, increased appetite
Oxytocin OXT posterior pituitary Magnocellular neurosecretory cells OXT receptor → IP3 release breast milk

Contraction of cervix and vagina Involved in orgasm, trust between people. and circadian homeostasis (body temperature, activity level, wakefulness).
Pancreatic polypeptide Pancreas PP cells pancreatic polypeptide receptor 1 Self-regulation of pancreatic secretions (endocrine and exocrine). It also affects hepatic glycogen levels and gastrointestinal secretions.
Parathyroid hormone PTH parathyroid gland parathyroid chief cell PTH receptor → cAMP increase blood Ca2+:
  • indirectly stimulate osteoclasts
  • Ca2+ reabsorption in kidney
  • activate vitamin D

(Slightly) decrease blood phosphate:

  • (decreased reuptake in kidney but increased uptake from bones
  • activate vitamin D)
Prolactin PRL anterior pituitary, uterus lactotrophs of anterior pituitary
Decidual cells of uterus		 PRL receptor milk production in mammary glands
sexual gratification after sexual acts
Prolactin releasing hormone PRH hypothalamus Release prolactin from anterior pituitary
Relaxin RLN uterus Decidual cells RLN receptor Unclear in humans
Renin Kidney Juxtaglomerular cells Activates the renin-angiotensin system by producing angiotensin I of angiotensinogen
Secretin SCT duodenum S cell SCT receptor Secretion of bicarbonate from liver, pancreas and duodenal Brunner's glands

Enhances effects of cholecystokinin Stops production of gastric juice
Somatostatin SRIF hypothalamus, islets of Langerhans, gastrointestinal system delta cells in islets
Neuroendocrince cells of the Periventricular nucleus in hypothalamus		 Somatostatin receptor Inhibit release of GH and TRH from anterior pituitary
Suppress release of gastrin, cholecystokinin (CCK), secretin, motilin, vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), gastric inhibitory polypeptide (GIP), enteroglucagon in gastrointestinal system
Lowers rate of gastric emptying

Reduces smooth muscle contractions and blood flow within the intestine
Inhibit release of insulin from beta cells
Inhibit release of glucagon from alpha cells
Suppress the exocrine secretory action of pancreas.
Thrombopoietin TPO liver, kidney, striated muscle Myocytes TPO receptor megakaryocytes produce platelets
Thyroid-stimulating hormone (or thyrotropin) TSH anterior pituitary thyrotropes Thyrotropin receptor → cAMP thyroid gland secrete thyroxine (T4) and triiodothyronine (T3)
Thyrotropin-releasing hormone TRH hypothalamus Parvocellular neurosecretory neurons TRHR → IP3 anterior pituitary Release thyroid-stimulating hormone (primarily)
Stimulate prolactin release

Read more about this topic:  List Of Human Hormones