This is a List of human blood components and their concentrations.
Blood has many constituents and these will vary depending on factors such as age, state of health, diet and other details. Conventionally, a range of two standard deviations from the mean for each component is considered normal.
| Compound | Comments | In whole blood (g/cm³) | In plasma or serum (g/cm³) |
|---|---|---|---|
| Water | Solvent | 0.81-0.86 | 0.93-0.95 |
| Acetoacetate | Produced in liver | 8-40 ×10−7 | 4-43 ×10−7 |
| Acetone | product of bodyfat breakdown | - | 3-20 ×10−6 |
| Acetylcholine | Neurotransmitter of the parasympathetic nervous system | - | 6.6-8.2 ×10−8 |
| Adenosine triphosphate | Energy storage | - | - |
| " | total | 3.1-5.7 ×10−4 | - |
| " | phosphorus | 5-10 ×10−5 | - |
| Adrenocorticotrophic hormone | Stimulates the adrenal cortex | - | 2.5-12 ×10−11 |
| " | @ 6AM, mean | - | 5.5 ×10−11 |
| " | @ 6AM, maximum | - | 12 ×10−11 |
| " | @ 6PM, mean | - | 3.5 ×10−11 |
| " | @ 6PM, maximum | - | <7.5 ×10−11 |
| Alanine | Amino acid | 2.7-5.5 ×10−5 | 2.4-7.6 ×10−5 |
| Albumin | Blood plasma protein | - | 3.5-5.2 ×10−2 |
| Aluminum | - | 1-40 ×10−8 | 1-88 ×10−8 |
| Aldosterone | Regulates electrolyte balance | - | - |
| " | supine | - | 3-10 ×10−11 |
| " | standing, male | - | 6-22 ×10−11 |
| " | standing, female | - | 5-30 ×10−11 |
| Amino acids | Protein building blocks | - | - |
| " | total | 3.8-5.3 ×10−4 | - |
| " | nitrogen | 4.6-6.8 ×10−5 | 3.0-5.5 ×10−5 |
| alpha-Aminobutyric acid | - | 1-2 ×10−6 | 1-2 ×10−6 |
| d-Aminolevulinic acid | - | - | 1.5-2.3 ×10−7 |
| Ammonia nitrogen | - | 1-2 ×10−6 | 1.0-4.9 ×10−7 |
| cAMP | Intracellular signal transduction molecule | - | - |
| " | male | - | 5.6-10.9 ×10−9 |
| " | female | - | 3.6-8.9 ×10−9 |
| Androstenedione | Steroid hormone | - | |
| " | male >18 yrs | - | 2-30 ×10−10 |
| " | female >18 yrs | - | 8-30 ×10−10 |
| Androsterone | Steroid hormone | - | 1.5 ×10−7 |
| Angiotensin I | Angiotensin II precursor | - | 1.1-8.8 ×10−11 |
| Angiotensin II | Vasoconstrictor | - | 1.2-3.6 ×10−11 |
| Alpha 1-antitrypsin | Serine protease inhibitor | - | 7.8-20 ×10−4 |
| Arginine | Amino acid | 6-17 ×10−6 | 1.3-3.6 ×10−5 |
| Arsenic | - | - | - |
| " | normal range | 2-62 ×10−9 | - |
| " | chronic poisoning | 100-500 ×10−9 | - |
| " | acute poisoning | 600-9300 ×10−9 | - |
| Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) | Important vitamin | 1-15 ×10−6 | 6-20 ×10−6 |
| Aspartic acid | Amino acid | - | 0-3 ×10−6 |
| Aspartic acid (in WBCs) | - | 2.5-4.0 ×10−4 | 9-12 ×10−6 |
| Bicarbonate | Buffer in blood | - | 5-5.7 × 10-4 |
| Bile acids | Digestive function, bilirubin excretion | 2-30 × 10-6 | 3-30 × 10-6 |
| Bilirubin | Hemoglobin metabolite | 2-14 × 10-6 | 1-10 × 10-6 |
| Biotin (Vitamin H) | Gluconeogenesis,metabolize leucine,fatty acid synthesis | 7-17 × 10-9 | 9-16 × 10-9 |
| Blood Urea Nitrogen (BUN) | - | - | 8-23 × 10-5 |
| Bradykinin | - | - | 7 × 10-11 |
| Bromide | - | - | 7-10 × 10-9 |
| Cadmium | - | - | - |
| " | normal | 1-5 × 10-9 | - |
| " | toxic | 0.1-3 × 10-6 | - |
| Calciferol (vitamin D2) | Maintain calcium and phosphorus levels | - | 1.7-4.1 × 10-8 |
| Calcitonin (CT) | Hormone | - | <1.0 × 10-10 |
| Calcium | Bones, Ca2+ | - | - |
| " | ionized | 4.48-4.92 × 10-5 | 4.25-5.25 × 10-5 |
| " | total | - | 8.4-11.5 × 10-5 |
| Carbon dioxide | Respiratory gas | - | - |
| " | arterial | 8.8-10.8 × 10-4 | 3.0-7.9 × 10-5 |
| " | venous | 9.8-11.8 × 10-4 | 3.3-8.3 × 10-5 |
| Carboxyhemoglobin(as HbCO) | - | - | - |
| " | nonsmokers | 0.5-1.5% total Hb | - |
| " | smokers, 1-2 packs/day | 4-5% total Hb | - |
| " | smokers, 2 packs/day | 8-9% total Hb | - |
| " | toxic | >20% total Hb | - |
| " | lethal | >50% total Hb | - |
| Carcinoembryonic antigen | - | - | <2.5 × 10-9 |
| beta-Carotene | Vitamin A dimer | - | 3-25 × 10-7 |
| Carotenoids | Antioxidant | 2.4-23.1 × 10-7 | - |
| Cephalin | - | 3-11.5 × 10-4 | 0-1 × 10-4 |
| Ceruloplasmin | - | - | 1.5-6 × 10-4 |
| Chloride, as NaCl | - | 4.5-5 × 10-3 | 3.5-3.8 × 10-3 |
| Cholecalciferol (Vitamin D3) | - | - | - |
| " | 1, 25-dihydroxy | - | 2.5-4.5 × 10-11 |
| " | 24,25-dihydroxy | - | 1.5 × 10-9 |
| " | 25-hydroxy | - | 1.4-8 × 10-8 |
| Cholecystokinin (pancreozymin) | Stimulates fat and protein digestion | - | 6.04 × 10-11 |
| Cholesterol | Steroid lipid | - | - |
| " | LDLC | - | 0.5-2.0 × 10-3 |
| " | HDLC | - | 2.9-9.0 × 10-4 |
| " | total | 1.15-2.25 × 10-3 | 1.2-2 × 10-3 |
| Choline, total | - | 1.1-3.1 × 10-4 | 3.6-3.5 × 10-4 |
| Chorionic gonadotropin | Progesterone secretion during pregnancy | - | - |
| " | Menstrual | - | 0-3 × 10-11 |
| " | Pregnancy, 1st trimester | - | 5-3300 × 10-10 |
| " | Pregnancy, 2nd trimester | - | 20-1000 × 10-10 |
| " | Pregnancy, 3rd trimester | - | 20-50 × 10-10 |
| " | Menopausal | - | 3-30 × 10-11 |
| Citric acid | - | 1.3-2.5 × 10-5 | 1.6-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Citrulline | - | - | 2-10 × 10-6 |
| Coagulation Factors | - | - | - |
| " | Fibrinogen | 1.2-1.6 × 10-3 | 2-4 × 10-3 |
| " | Prothrombin | - | 1 × 10-4 |
| " | Tissue thromboplastin | - | 1 × 10-6 |
| " | Proaccelerin | - | 5-12 × 10-6 |
| " | Proconvertin | - | 1 × 10-6 |
| " | Antihemophilic factor | - | 1 × 10-7 |
| " | Christmas factor | - | 4 × 10-6 |
| " | Stuart factor | - | 5 × 10-6 |
| " | Plasma thrmb. anteced. | - | 4 × 10-6 |
| " | Hageman factor | - | 2.9 × 10-5 |
| " | Fibrin stabilizing factor | - | 1 × 10-5 |
| " | Fibrin split products | - | <1 × 10-5 |
| " | Fletcher factor | - | 5 × 10-5 |
| " | Fitzgerald factor | - | 7 × 10-5 |
| " | von Willebrand factor | - | 7 × 10-6 |
| Cobalamin (Vitamin B12) | Needed for nerve cells, red blood cells, and to make DNA | 6-14 × 10-10 | 1-10 × 10-10 |
| Cocarboxylase | - | - | 7-9 × 10-8 |
| Complement system | - | - | - |
| " | C1q | - | 5.8-7.2 × 10-5 |
| " | C1r | - | 2.5-3.8 × 10-5 |
| " | C1s (C1 esterase) | - | 2.5-3.8 × 10-5 |
| " | C2 | - | 2.2-3.4 × 10-5 |
| " | C3( b1C-globulin) | - | 8-15.5 × 10-4 |
| " | factor B (C3 proactivator) | - | 2-4.5 × 10-4 |
| " | C4 (b1E-globulin) | - | 1.3-3.7 × 10-4 |
| " | C4 binding protein | - | 1.8-3.2 × 10-4 |
| " | C5 (b1F-globulin) | - | 5.1-7.7 × 10-5 |
| " | C6 | - | 4.8-6.4 × 10-5 |
| " | C7 | - | 4.9-7 × 10-5 |
| " | C8 | - | 4.3-6.3 × 10-5 |
| " | C9 | - | 4.7-6.9 × 10-5 |
| " | Properdin | - | 2.4-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Compound S | - | - | 1-3 × 10-9 |
| Copper | - | 9-15 × 10-7 | - |
| " | male | - | 7-14 × 10-7 |
| " | female | - | 8-15.5 × 10-7 |
| Corticosteroids | Steroid hormones | - | 1-4 × 10-6 |
| Corticosterone | - | - | 4-20 × 10-9 |
| Cortisol | Inhibits CRH secretion | - | 3-23 × 10-8 |
| " | 8 AM | - | 6-23 × 10-8 |
| " | 4 PM | - | 3-15 × 10-8 |
| " | 10 PM | - | ~50% of 8 AM value |
| C-peptide | - | - | - |
| " | fasting | - | 0.5-2.0 × 10-9 |
| " | maximum | - | 4 × 10-9 |
| C-reactive protein | Plasma protein | - | 6.8-820 × 10-8 |
| Creatine | Assists muscle cell energy supply | - | - |
| " | male | - | 1.7-5.0 × 10-6 |
| " | female | - | 3.5-9.3 × 10-6 |
| Creatinine | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 0.8-1.5 × 10-5 |
| " | female | - | 0.7-1.2 × 10-5 |
| Cyanide | - | - | - |
| " | nonsmokers | - | 4 × 10-9 |
| " | smokers | - | 6 × 10-9 |
| " | nitroprusside therapy | - | 10-60 × 10-9 |
| " | toxic | - | >100 × 10-9 |
| " | lethal | - | >1000 × 10-9 |
| Cysteine | Amino acid | 6-12 × 10-6 | 1.8-5 × 10-5 |
| Dehydroepiandrosterone(DHEA) | Steroid hormone | - | - |
| " | aged 1-4 yrs | - | 0.2-0.4 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 4-8 yrs | - | 0.1-1.9 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 8-10 yrs | - | 0.2-2.9 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 10-12 yrs | - | 0.5-9.2 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 12-14 yrs | - | 0.9-20 × 10-9 |
| " | aged 14-16 yrs | - | 2.5-20 × 10-9 |
| " | male | - | 0.8-10 × 10-9 |
| " | female, premenopausal | - | 2.0-15 × 10-9 |
| DHEA sulfate | male | - | 1.99-3.34 × 10-6 |
| DHEA sulfate | female | - | - |
| " | newborn | - | 1.67-3.64 × 10-6 |
| " | pre-pubertal children | - | 1.0-6.0 × 10-7 |
| " | premenopausal | - | 8.2-33.8 × 10-7 |
| " | pregnancy | - | 2.3-11.7 × 10-7 |
| " | postmenopausal | - | 1.1-6.1 × 10-7 |
| 11-Deoxycortisol | - | - | 1-7 × 10-8 |
| Dihydrotestosterone (DHT) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 3-8 × 10-9 |
| " | female | - | 1-10 × 10-10 |
| Diphosphoglycerate (phosphate) | - | 8-16 × 10-5 | - |
| DNA | The molecule of heredity | - | 0-1.6 × 10-5 |
| Dopamine | Neurotransmitter | - | <1.36 × 10-10 |
| Enzymes, total | - | - | <6 × 10-5 |
| Epidermal growth factor (EGF) | - | - | <1 × 10-11 |
| Epinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | - | - |
| " | after 15 min rest | - | 3.1-9.5 × 10-11 |
| " | when emitted | 3.8 × 10-9 | 2-2.5 × 10-9 |
| Ergothioneine | - | 1-20 × 10-5 | - |
| Erythrocytes (#/cm³) | - | - | - |
| " | adult male, avg. (range) | 5.2 (4.6-6.2) × 109 | |
| " | adult female, avg. (range) | 4.6 (4.2-5.4) × 109 | |
| " | children, varies with age | 4.5-5.1 × 109 | |
| " | reticulocytes | 25-75 × 106 | |
| Erythropoietin | - | - | - |
| " | adult, normal | - | 0.5-2.5 × 10-10 |
| " | pregnant | - | 2.7-6.2 × 10-10 |
| " | hypoxia or anemia | - | 0.8-8.0 × 10-8 |
| Estradiol (E2) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 8-36 × 10-12 |
| " | female, follicular(days 1-10) | - | 1-9 × 10-11 |
| " | female, mean | - | 5 × 10-11 |
| " | female, pre-fertile (days 10-12) | - | 10-15 × 10-11 |
| " | female, fertile (days 12-14) | - | 35-60 × 10-11 |
| " | female, luteal (days 15-28) | - | 20-40 × 10-11 |
| " | female, pregnancy | - | 3-70 × 10-7 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | 1-3 × 10-11 |
| Estriol (E3) | - | - | - |
| " | nonpregnant | - | <2 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | - | 3-5 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | - | 6-11 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | - | 25-170 × 10-9 |
| Estrogen | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 4-11.5 × 10-11 |
| " | female, prepubertal | - | <4 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 1-10 days | - | 6.1-39.4 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 11-20 days | - | 12.2-43.7 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 21-30 days | - | 15.6-35 × 10-11 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | <4 × 10-11 |
| Estrone (E1) | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 2.9-17 × 10-11 |
| " | female, follicular | - | 2-15 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 1-10 days of cycle | - | 4.3-18 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 11-20 days of cycle | - | 7.5-19.6 × 10-11 |
| " | female, 20-29 days of cycle | - | 13.1-20.1 × 10-11 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 22-30 | - | 3-5 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 32-37 | - | 5-6 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-41 | - | 7-10 × 10-9 |
| Ethanol | - | - | - |
| " | social high | - | 0.5 × 10-3 |
| " | reduced coordination | - | 0.8 × 10-3 |
| " | depression of CNS | - | >1 × 10-3 |
| " | confusion, falling down | - | 2.0 × 10-3 |
| " | loss of consciousness | - | 3.0 × 10-3 |
| " | coma, death | - | >4 × 10-3 |
| Fat, neutral | see Triglycerides | - | - |
| Fatty acids, nonesterified (free) | - | 8-25 × 10-5 | |
| Fatty acids, esterified | - | 2.5-3.9 × 10-3 | 7-20 × 10-5 |
| Fatty acids, total | - | - | 1.9-4.5 × 10-3 |
| Ferritin | - | ||
| " | male | - | 1.5-30 × 10-8 |
| " | female | - | 0.9-18 × 10-8 |
| alpha-1-Fetoprotein | - | - | 0-2 × 10-8 |
| Flavin adenine dinucleotide | - | - | 8-12 × 10-8 |
| Fluoride | - | 1-4.5 × 10-7 | 1-4.5 × 10-7 |
| Folate | - | - | 2.2-17.3 × 10-9 |
| " | in erythrocyte | - | 1.67-7.07 × 10-7 |
| Folic acid | 2.3-5.2 × 10-8 | 1.6-2 × 10-8 | |
| Fructose | 0-5 × 10-5 | 7-8 × 10-5 | |
| Furosemide glucuronide | - | 1-400 × 10-6 | |
| Galactose (children) | - | <2 × 10-4 | |
| Gastric inhibitory peptide (GIP) | - | <1.25-4.0 × 10-10 | |
| Gastrin | - | ||
| " | mean | - | 7 × 10-11 |
| " | maximum | - | <20 × 10-11 |
| Globulin | - | - | total 2.2-4 × 10-2 |
| alpha-1-Globulin | - | 1-4 × 10-3 | |
| alpha-2-Globulin | - | 4-10 × 10-3 | |
| beta globulin | - | 5-12 × 10-3 | |
| gamma globulin | - | 6-17 × 10-3 | |
| Glucagon | - | ||
| " | range | - | 5-15 × 10-11 |
| " | mean | - | 7.1-7.9 × 10-11 |
| Glucosamine | - | - | - |
| " | fetus | 4-6 × 10-4 | 4.2-5.5 × 10-4 |
| " | child | 5-7 × 10-4 | 5.2-6.9 × 10-4 |
| " | adult | 6-8 × 10-4 | 6.1-8.2 × 10-4 |
| " | aged | 7-9 × 10-4 | 7.0-8.9 × 10-4 |
| Glucose | - | ||
| " | newborn | 2-3 × 10-4 | - |
| " | adult | 6.5-9.5 × 10-4 | 7-10.5 × 10-4 |
| " | diabetic | 14-120 × 10-4 | - |
| Glucuronic acid | 4.1-9.3 × 10-5 | 8-11 × 10-6 | |
| Glutamic acid | - | 2-28 × 10-6 | |
| Glutamine | - | 4.6-10.6 × 10-5 | |
| Glutathione, reduced | 2.5-4.1 × 10-4 | 0 | |
| Glycerol, free | - | 2.9-17.2 × 10-6 | |
| Glycine | 1.7-2.3 × 10-5 | 8-54 × 10-6 | |
| Glycogen | 1.2-16.2 × 10-5 | 0 | |
| Glycoprotein, acid | - | 4-15 × 10-4 | |
| cGMP | - | 0.6-4.4 × 10-9 | |
| Gonadotropin-releasing hormone | - | 1-80 × 10-12 | |
| Guanidine | 1.8-2.3 × 10-6 | - | |
| Haptoglobin | - | 3-22 × 10-4 | |
| Hemoglobin | 1.2-1.75 × 10-1 | 1-4 × 10-5 | |
| " | newborn | 1.65-1.95 × 10-1 | - |
| " | children, varies with age | 1.12-1.65 × 10-1 | - |
| " | adult, male | 1.4-1.8 × 10-1 | - |
| " | adult, female | 1.2-1.6 × 10-1 | - |
| " | inside erythrocyte | ~3.3 × 10-1 | - |
| " | per red blood cell | 27-32 picograms | - |
| Hexosephosphate P | 1.4-5 × 10-5 | 0-2 × 10-6 | |
| Histamine | 6.7-8.6 × 10-8 | - | |
| Histidine | 9-17 × 10-6 | 1.1-3.8 × 10-5 | |
| Hydrogen ion(pH 7.4) | 4 × 10-11 | - | |
| beta-Hydroxybutyric acid | 1-6 × 10-6 | 1-9 × 10-6 | |
| 17-Hydroxycorticosteroids | 4-10 × 10-8 | - | |
| 17-Hydroxyprogesterone | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 20-250 × 10-11 |
| " | female, follicular | - | 20-80 × 10-11 |
| " | female, luteal | - | 80-300 × 10-11 |
| " | female, postmenopausal | - | 4-50 × 10-11 |
| " | female, child | - | 20-140 × 10-11 |
| Antibodies | - | - | - |
| " | Immunoglobulin A (IgA) | - | 5-39 × 10-4 |
| " | Immunoglobulin D (IgD) | - | 0.5-8.0 × 10-5 |
| " | Immunoglobulin G (IgG) | - | 5.0-19 × 10-3 |
| " | Immunoglobulin M (IgM) | - | 3.0-30 × 10-4 |
| " | Immunoglobulin E (IgE) | - | <5 × 10-7 |
| Indican | - | - | 8-50 × 10-7 |
| Inositol | - | - | 3-7 × 10-6 |
| Insulin | - | - | 2.0-8.4 × 10-10 |
| Insulin-like growth factor | - | - | 9.9-50 × 10-8 |
| Iodine, total | - | 2.4-3.2 × 10-8 | 4.5-14.5 × 10-8 |
| Iron, adult | - | 4-6 × 10-4 | 6-18 × 10-7 |
| Isoleucine | - | 9-15 × 10-6 | 1.2-4.2 × 10-5 |
| Ketone bodies | - | 2.3-10 × 10-6 | 1.5-30 × 10-6 |
| alpha-Ketonic acids, adult | - | 1-30 × 10-6 | - |
| L-Lactate | - | - | - |
| " | arterial | <11.3 × 10-5 | 4.5-14.4 × 10-5 |
| " | venous | 8.1-15.3 × 10-5 | 4.5-19.8 × 10-5 |
| Lead | - | - | - |
| " | normal | 1-5 × 10-7 | 1-7.8 × 10-8 |
| " | toxic | >6-10 × 10-7 | - |
| Lecithin | - | 1.1-1.2 × 10-3 | 1-2.25 × 10-3 |
| Leptin | - | 1.2 × 10-8 | - |
| Leucine | - | 1.4-2 × 10-5 | 1.2-5.2 × 10-5 |
| Leukocytes (#/cm³) Total: | - | - | - |
| " | total, birth | 9.0-30.0 × 106 | - |
| " | total, pediatric | 4.5-15.5 × 106 | - |
| " | total, adult, range | 4.3-11.0 × 106 | - |
| " | total, adult, median | 7.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophil granulocytes, birth | 6.0-26.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophils, pediatric | 1.5-8.5 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophils, adult, range | 1.83-7.25 × 106 | - |
| " | Neutrophils, adult, median | 3.65 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophil granulocytes birth | 0.4 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophils, pediatric | 0.2-0.3 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophils, adult, range | 0.05-0.7 × 106 | - |
| " | Eosinophils, adult, median | 0.15 × 106 | - |
| " | Basophil granulocytes, adult, range | 0.015-0.15 × 106 | - |
| " | Basophils, adult, median | 0.03 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocytes, birth | 2-11 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocyte, pediatric | 1.5-8.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocyte, adult, range | 1.5-4.0 × 106 | - |
| " | Lymphocyte, adult, median | 2.5 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, birth, range | 0.4-3.1 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, birth, median | 1.05 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, pediatric | 0.4 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, adult, range | 0.21-1.05 × 106 | - |
| " | Monocytes, adult, median | 0.43 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, birth, range | 6-26 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, birth, median | 11 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, pediatric, range | 1.5-8.5 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, pediatric, median | 4.1 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, adult, range | 3.5-9.2 × 106 | - |
| " | Phagocytes, CD4 cell count | 0.5-1.5 × 106 | - |
| Lipase P | - | 1.2-1.4 × 10-4 | - |
| Lipids, total | - | 4.45-6.1 × 10-3 | 4-8.5 × 10-3 |
| Lipoprotein (Sr 12-20) | - | - | 1-10 × 10-4 |
| Lithium | - | 1.5-2.5 × 10-8 | - |
| Lysine | - | 1.3-3 × 10-5 | 2-5.8 × 10-5 |
| Lysozyme (muramidase) | - | - | 1-15 × 10-6 |
| alpha 2-macroglobulin | - | - | - |
| " | pediatric | - | 2-7 × 10-3 |
| " | male, adult | - | 0.9-4.0 × 10-3 |
| " | female, adult | - | 1.2-5.4 × 10-3 |
| Magnesium | - | 3.2-5.5 × 10-5 | 1.8-3.6 × 10-5 |
| Malic acid | - | 4.6 × 10-6 | 1-9 × 10-6 |
| Manganese | - | 0-2.5 × 10-7 | 0-1.9 × 10-7 |
| Melatonin | - | - | - |
| " | Day | - | 1.35-1.45 × 10-11 |
| " | Night | - | 6.07-7.13 × 10-11 |
| Mercury | - | - | - |
| " | normal | <1 × 10-8 | - |
| " | chronic | >20 × 10-8 | - |
| Methemoglobin | - | 4-6 × 10-4 | - |
| Methionine | - | 4-6 × 10-6 | 1-15 × 10-6 |
| Methyl guanidine | - | 2-3 × 10-6 | - |
| beta-2-microglobulin | - | - | 8-24 × 10-7 |
| MIP-1a | - | - | 2.3 × 10-11 |
| MIP-1b | - | - | 9 × 10-11 |
| Mucopolysaccharides | - | - | 1.75-2.25 × 10-3 |
| Mucoproteins | - | - | 8.65-9.6 × 10-4 |
| Nerve growth factor (NGF) | - | - | 6-10 × 10-9 |
| Niacin | - | 5-8 × 10-6 | 2-15 × 10-7 |
| Nitrogen | - | - | - |
| " | respiratory gas | 8.2 × 10-6 | 9.7 × 10-6 |
| " | total, nonrespiratory | 3-3.7 × 10-2 | - |
| Norepinephrine | Neurotransmitter of the sympathetic nervous system | - | - |
| " | after 15 min rest | - | 2.15-4.75 × 10-10 |
| " | when emitted | 8.1 × 10-9 | 8.5 × 10-9 |
| Nucleotide, total | - | 3.1-5.2 × 10-4 | - |
| Ornithine | - | - | 4-14 × 10-6 |
| Oxalate | - | - | 1-2.4 × 10-6 |
| Oxygen (respiratory gas) | - | - | - |
| " | arterial | 2.4-3.2 × 10-4 | 3.9 × 10-6 |
| " | venous | 1.6-2.3 × 10-4 | 1.6 × 10-6 |
| Oxytocin | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 2 × 10-12 |
| " | female, nonlactating | - | 2 × 10-12 |
| " | female, pregnant 33-40 wks | - | 32-48 × 10-12 |
| Pancreatic polypeptide | - | - | 5-20 × 10-11 |
| Pantothenic acid (vitamin B5) | - | 1.5-4.5 × 10-7 | 6-35 × 10-8 |
| Para-aminobenzoic acid | - | 3-4 × 10-8 | - |
| Parathyroid hormone (PTH) | - | - | 2-4 × 10-10 |
| Pentose, phosphorated | - | - | 2-2.3 × 10-5 |
| Phenol, free | - | 7-10 × 10-7 | - |
| Phenylalanine | - | 8-12 × 10-6 | 1.1-4 × 10-5 |
| Phospholipid | - | 2.25-2.85 × 10-3 | 5-12 × 10-5 |
| Phosphatase, acid, prostatic | - | - | <3 × 10-9 |
| Phosphorus | - | - | - |
| " | inorganic, adult | 2-3.9 × 10-5 | 2.3-4.5 × 10-5 |
| " | inorganic, children | - | 4.0-7.0 × 10-5 |
| " | total | 3.5-4.3 × 10-4 | 1-1.5 × 10-4 |
| Phytanic acid | - | - | <3 × 10-6 |
| Platelets (#/cm³): | - | - | - |
| " | range | 1.4-4.4 × 108 | - |
| " | median | 2.5 × 108 | - |
| Platelet-derived growth factor | - | - | 5.0 × 10-8 |
| Polysaccharides, total | - | - | 7.3-13.1 × 10-4 |
| Potassium | - | 1.6-2.4 × 10-3 | 1.4-2.2 × 10-4 |
| Pregnenolone | - | - | 3-20 × 10-10 |
| Progesterone (male) | - | - | 12-20 × 10-11 |
| Progesterone (female) | - | - | - |
| " | follicular | - | 0.4-0.9 × 10-9 |
| " | midluteal | - | 7.7-12.1 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 16-18 | - | 30-66 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 28-30 | - | 70-126 × 10-9 |
| " | pregnancy, weeks 38-40 | - | 131-227 × 10-9 |
| Proinsulin | - | - | - |
| " | fasting | - | 0.5-5 × 10-10 |
| " | mean | - | 1.42-1.70 × 10-10 |
| Prolactin (male) <20 × 10-9 | - | - | - |
| " | while awake | - | 1-7 × 10-9 |
| " | during sleep | - | 9-20 × 10-9 |
| Prolactin (female) | - | - | - |
| " | follicular | - | <23 × 10-9 |
| " | luteal | - | 5-40 × 10-9 |
| Proline | - | - | 1.2-5.7 × 10-5 |
| Prostaglandins | - | - | - |
| " | PGE | - | 3.55-4.15 × 10-10 |
| " | PGF | - | 1.26-1.56 × 10-10 |
| " | 15-keto-PGF2a | - | 5 × 10-10 |
| " | 15-keto-PGE2 | - | <5 × 10-11 |
| Protein, total | - | 1.9-2.1 × 10-1 | 6.0-8.3 × 10-2 |
| Protoporphyrin | - | 2.7-6.1 × 10-7 | - |
| Prostate specific antigen | - | 0-5 × 10-9 | - |
| Pseudoglobulin I | - | - | 8-19 × 10-3 |
| Pseudoglobulin II | - | - | 2-8 × 10-3 |
| Purine, total | - | 9.5-11.5 × 10-5 | - |
| Pyrimidine nucleotides | - | 2.6-4.6 × 10-5 | 2-12 × 10-7 |
| Pyridoxine (Vitamin B6) | - | - | 3.6-90 × 10-9 |
| Pyruvic acid | - | 3-10 × 10-6 | 3-12 × 10-6 |
| RANTES | - | - | 7 × 10-11 |
| Relaxin | - | - | - |
| " | day <100 preparturition | - | <2 × 10-9 |
| " | day 100 to 2 days preceding | - | 5-40 × 10-9 |
| " | day preceding parturition | - | 100-200 × 10-9 |
| " | day following parturition | - | <2 × 10-9 |
| Retinol (Vitamin A) | - | - | 1-8 × 10-7 |
| Riboflavin (Vitamin B2) | - | 1.5-6 × 10-7 | 2.6-3.7 × 10-8 |
| RNA | - | 5-8 × 10-4 | 4-6 × 10-5 |
| Secretin | - | - | 2.9-4.5 × 10-11 |
| Serine | - | - | 3-20 × 10-6 |
| Serotonin (5-hydroxytryptamine) | - | 1.55-1.81 × 10-7 | 0.8-2.1 × 10-7 |
| Silicon | - | 1.4-2.95 × 10-6 | 2.2-5.7 × 10-6 |
| Sodium | - | - | 3.1-3.4 × 10-3 |
| Solids, total | - | 2-2.5 × 10-1 | 8-9 × 10-2 |
| Somatotropin (growth hormone) | - | - | 4-140 × 10-10 |
| Sphingomyelin | - | 1.5-1.85 × 10-3 | 1-4 × 10-4 |
| Succinic acid | - | - | 5 × 10-6 |
| Sugar, total | - | 7-11 × 10-4 | - |
| Sulfates, inorganic | - | - | 8-12 × 10-6 |
| Sulfur, total | - | 3.8-5 × 10-2 | 3.1-3.8 × 10-2 |
| Taurine | - | - | 3-21 × 10-6 |
| Testosterone (male) | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 5.6-10.2 × 10-11 |
| " | total | - | 275-875 × 10-11 |
| Testosterone (female) | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 0.24-0.38 × 10-11 |
| " | total | - | 23-75 × 10-11 |
| " | pregnant | - | 38-190 × 10-11 |
| Thiamine (Vitamin B1) | - | 3-10 × 10-8 | 1-9 × 10-8 |
| Thiocyanate | - | 5-14 × 10-6 | - |
| " | nonsmoker | - | 1-4 × 10-6 |
| " | smoker | - | 3-12 × 10-6 |
| Threonine | - | 1.3-2 × 10-5 | 0.9-3.2 × 10-5 |
| Thyroglobulin (Tg) | - | - | <5 × 10-8 |
| Thyroid hormones | - | - | 4-8 × 10-8 |
| Thyrotropin-releasing hormone | - | - | 5-60 × 10-12 |
| Thyroxine (FT4) | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 8-24 × 10-12 |
| " | total | - | 4-12 × 10-8 |
| Thyroxine-binding prealbumin | - | - | 2.8-3.5 × 10-4 |
| Thyroxine-binding globulin | - | - | 1.0-3.4 × 10-7 |
| Tin | - | 0-4 × 10-7 | 0-1 × 10-7 |
| alpha-Tocopherol (Vitamin E) | - | - | 5-20 × 10-6 |
| Transcortin | - | - | - |
| " | male | - | 1.5-2 × 10-5 |
| " | female | - | 1.6-2.5 × 10-5 |
| Transferrin | - | - | - |
| " | newborn | - | 1.3-2.75 × 10-3 |
| " | adult | - | 2.2-4 × 10-3 |
| " | age >60 yrs | - | 1.8-3.8 × 10-3 |
| Triglycerides | - | 8.5-23.5 × 10-4 | 2.5-30 × 10-4 |
| Triiodothyronine | - | - | - |
| " | free | - | 2.3-6.6 × 10-12 |
| " | total (T3) | - | 0.75-2.50 × 10-9 |
| Tryptophan | - | 5-10 × 10-6 | 9-30 × 10-6 |
| Tyrosine | - | 8-14 × 10-6 | 4-25 × 10-6 |
| Urea | - | 2-4 × 10-4 | 2.8-4 × 10-4 |
| Uric acid | - | 6-49 × 10-6 | 2-7 × 10-5 |
| " | child | - | 3.5-7.2 × 10-5 |
| " | adult, male | - | 2.6-6.0 × 10-5 |
| " | adult, female | 2.0-5.5 × 10-5 | |
| Valine | - | 2-2.9 × 10-5 | 1.7-4.2 × 10-5 |
| Vasointestinal peptide (VIP) | - | - | 6-16 × 10-12 |
| Vasopressin | - | - | - |
| " | hydrated | - | 4.5 × 10-13 |
| " | dehydrated | - | 3.7 × 10-12 |
| Zinc | - | 5-13 × 10-6 | 7-15 × 10-7 |
In blood banking, the fractions of Whole Blood used for transfusion are also called components.
Famous quotes containing the words list of, list, human, blood and/or components:
“Shea—they call him Scholar Jack—
Went down the list of the dead.
Officers, seamen, gunners, marines,
The crews of the gig and yawl,
The bearded man and the lad in his teens,
Carpenters, coal-passers—all.”
—Joseph I. C. Clarke (1846–1925)
“All is possible,
Who so list believe;
Trust therefore first, and after preve,
As men wed ladies by license and leave,
All is possible.”
—Sir Thomas Wyatt (1503?–1542)
“Morality is the theory that every human act must be either right or wrong, and that 99% of them are wrong.”
—H.L. (Henry Lewis)
“I don’t like your miserable lonely single “front name.” It is so limited, so meagre; it has no versatility; it is weighted down with the sense of responsibility; it is worn threadbare with much use; it is as bad as having only one jacket and one hat; it is like having only one relation, one blood relation, in the world. Never set a child afloat on the flat sea of life with only one sail to catch the wind.”
—D.H. (David Herbert)
“Hence, a generative grammar must be a system of rules that can iterate to generate an indefinitely large number of structures. This system of rules can be analyzed into the three major components of a generative grammar: the syntactic, phonological, and semantic components.”
—Noam Chomsky (b. 1928)