List of Historical Countries and Empires Spanning More Than One Continent - Pre-colonial Empires Straddling at Least Two Continents

Pre-colonial Empires Straddling At Least Two Continents

  • Ancient Egyptian Empire (3) – Africa, Asia, Europe (at its peak)
  • Hyksos Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (circa 1648–1540 BC)
  • Qahtani Empire (2) – Asia, Africa
  • Kushite Empire (2) – Africa, Asia (occupied portions of Edom and Judah circa 901 BC)
  • Sabaean Empire (2) – Asia, Africa
  • Cimmerian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (late 8th century BC)
  • Assyrian Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (671–612 BC)
  • Phocaean Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa
  • Neo-Babylonian Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (567–539 BC)
  • Scythian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Achaemenid Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa
  • Carthaginian Empire (2) – Africa, Europe
  • Alexandrian Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa (334–323 BC)
  • Ptolemaic Empire (3) – Africa, Asia, Europe (at its peak)
  • Lysimachian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (306–281 BC)
  • Seleucid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (281 BC and 196–191 BC )
  • Roman Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa
  • Sarmatian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Aksumite Empire (2) – Africa, Asia
  • Himyarite Empire (2) – Asia, Africa
  • Palmyrene Empire (2) – Asia, Africa (AD 260–273)
  • Hunnic Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Byzantine Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa
  • Western Roman Empire (2) – Europe, Africa (395–476)
  • Vandal Empire (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Srivijaya Empire (3) – Asia, Oceania, Africa
  • Ostrogothic Empire (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Sabir Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Sassanid Empire (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (618–641)
  • Göktürk Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Rashidun Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (639–661)
  • Alanian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Khazar Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Umayyad Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe (661–750)
  • Abbasid Caliphate (3) – Asia, Africa, Europe
  • Emirate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Pecheneg Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Sailendra Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania
  • Kingdom of Kakheti (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Abkhazian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Aghlabid Emirate (2) – Africa, Europe (827–909)
  • Tulunid Emirate (2) – Africa, Asia (877–904)
  • Sajid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Fatimid Caliphate (3) – Africa, Asia, Europe
  • Rus Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak during the Caspian expedition of 913)
  • Caliphate of Córdoba (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Ikhshidid Empire (2) – Africa, Asia (935–969)
  • Sallarid Emirate of Azerbaijan (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Kalbid Emirate of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Norwegian Empire (2) – Europe, North America (explored its Atlantic shores five centuries before Columbus)
  • Georgian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Zirid Emirate (2) – Africa, Europe (1038–1040)
  • Almoravid Empire (2) – Africa, Europe
  • Seljuq Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Pisan Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa
  • Kediri Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania
  • Chola Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania (at its peak circa 1050)
  • Norman Empire (3) – Europe, Africa, Asia (1091–1144)
  • Medieval French Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa
  • Kingdom of Sicily (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Almohad Empire (2) – Africa, Europe
  • Kingdom of Jerusalem (2) – Asia, Africa (1164 and 1167)
  • Ayyubid Caliphate (2) – Asia, Africa (1169–1250)
  • Lusignan Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Angevin Empire (3) – Europe, Asia, Africa (1191–1194 and 1266–1282 )
  • Shirvanshah Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Hohenstaufen Empire (3) – Europe, Africa (1194–1266), Asia (1225–1268)
  • Latin Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (1204–1261)
  • Venetian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Second Bulgarian Empire (2) – Europe, Asia (at its peak)
  • Khwarezmian Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (at its peak)
  • Mongol Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (largest empire of contiguous land ever)
  • Golden Horde Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Empire of Nicaea (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Mamluk Empire (2) – Africa, Asia
  • Majapahit Empire (2) – Asia, Oceania
  • Ilkhanate Empire (2) – Asia, Europe (1255–1335)
  • Genoese Empire (2) – Europe, Asia
  • Aragonese Empire (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Marinid Sultanate (2) – Africa, Europe (1294–1344)
  • Ottoman Empire (3) – Asia, Europe, Africa
  • Buginese Empire (2) – Oceania (including northern Australia,) Asia
  • Timurid Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Nogai Horde Empire (2) – Asia, Europe
  • Castilian Empire (2) – Europe, Africa
  • Kara Koyunlu Empire (2) – Asia, Europe

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