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- Adolf Rambold: Inventor of modern tea bag.
- Johann Philipp Reis: Inventor of the first phone transmitter in 1861, he also invented the term Telephone.
- Josef Rodenstock: Founder of Rodenstock, manufacturer of optical systems, ophthalmic lenses and spectacles frames.
- Ralf Reski: Moss bioreactor (1998).
- Paul Julius Freiherr von Reuter: Communications pioneer.
- Fritz Reiche: Was a student of Max Planck and a colleague of Albert Einstein, who was active in, and made important contributions to the early development of quantum mechanics including co-authoring the Thomas-Reiche-Kuhn sum rule.
- Bernhard Riemann: Mathematician, who made lasting contributions to analysis, number theory, and differential geometry.
- Johann Wilhelm Ritter: Physicist and discoverer of Ultraviolet.
- Wilhelm Conrad Röntgen: Physicist and discoverer of x-rays/Röntgen rays (8 November 1895), this earned him the first Nobel Prize in Physics in 1901.
- Arthur Rudolph: Rocket engineer who, together with Wernher von Braun, played a key role in the development of the V-2 rocket.
- Ernst Ruska: Physicist, developed the first electron microscope in 1933. Nobel laureate 1986.
Read more about this topic: List Of German Inventors And Discoverers