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- Hiroo Kanamori (American, 1936–) – Fundamental contributions to the physics of earthquakes; Kyoto Prize
- William Thomson, Lord Kelvin (Irish, 1824–1907) – Influential estimate of the age of the Earth, ultimately proved incorrect
- Shen Kuo (Chinese, 1031–1095) – discovered magnetic declination
Read more about this topic: List Of Geophysicists