South America
| Old capital city | Country, empire | From | Until | Change, reason |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Cuzco | Inca Empire | fl.13th Century | c.1533 | moved to Lima after the Spanish conquest |
| Coro | Venezuela, Captaincy General of | 1527 | 1578 | moved to Caracas to prevent an invasion due to its large coastline. |
| Antimary | Acre, Republic of | 1899 | 1900 | returned to Bolivia, then incorporated into Brazil |
| Perquenco | Araucanía and Patagonia, Kingdom of | 1860 | ? | incorporated to Chile and Argentina |
| Paraná | Argentine Confederation | 1853 | 1861 | moved to Buenos Aires, after the secessionist State of Buenos Ayres rejoined Argentina |
| Salvador da Bahia | Brazil | 1549 | 1763 | moved to Rio de Janeiro |
| Rio de Janeiro | Portugal | 1808 | 1815 | became capital of Portugal when the Portuguese king John VI moved to the colony of Brazil during the war with Napoleonic France in 1808. |
| Rio de Janeiro | Portugal, Brazil, and the Algarve; Kingdom of | 1815 | 1825 | It came into being when the colony of Brazil was elevated to the rank of a Kingdom, and the Kingdoms of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve were united as a single State by the title of The United Kingdom of Portugal, Brazil and the Algarve by a Law issued on December 16, 1815. |
| Rio de Janeiro | Brazil | 1763 | 1960 | moved to Brasília |
| Concepción | Chile, Kingdom of | 1565 | 1575 | moved to Santiago |
| Concepción del Uruguay |
Entre Rios, Republic of |
1820 | 1821 | country dissolved (and incorporated to Argentina) after the death of Francisco Ramírez |
| Laguna | Juliana Republic | 1836 | 1836 | reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the War of the Farrapos |
| Purificación | Liga Federal | 1815 | 1820 | country dissolved |
| Tacna | Peru-Bolivian Confederation | 1837 | 1839 | country ceased to exist |
| Piratini | Riograndense Republic | 1836 | 1845 | reincorporated into the Brazilian Empire after the War of the Farrapos |
- This list is incomplete; you can help by expanding it.
Read more about this topic: List Of Former National Capitals
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—Ralph Waldo Emerson (1803–1882)