- Maria Gaetana Agnesi (1718–1799), Italian mathematician
- Maria Ardinghelli (1728–1825), Italian mathematician and physicist
- Anna Atkins (1799–1871), British botanist
- Giuseppa Eleonora Barbapiccola (c. 1702–1740), natural philosopher, translator
- Laura Bassi (1711–1778), Italian physicist
- Margaret Bryan (c. 1760–1815), British natural philosopher
- Maria Christina Bruhn (1732–1802), Swedish inventor
- Elsa Beata Bunge (1734–1819), Swedish botanist
- Maria Medina Coeli (1764–1846), Italian physician.
- Émilie du Châtelet (1706–1749), French mathematician and physicist
- Jane Colden (1724–1766), American biologist
- Maria Dalle Donne (1778–1842), Italian physician
- Marie-Jeanne de Lalande (1760–1832), French astronomer
- Eva Ekeblad (1724–1786), Swedish agronomist
- Nicole-Reine Lepaute (1723–1792), French astronomer
- Dorothea Leporin Erxleben (1715–1762), German physician
- Elizabeth Fulhame (fl. 1794), British chemist
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- Sophie Germain (1776–1831), elasticity theory, number theory
- Lucia Galeazzi Galvani (1743–1788), Italian physician
- Catherine Littlefield Greene (1755–1814), American inventor
- Caroline Herschel (1750–1848), German-British astronomer
- Josephine Kablick (1787–1863), Botanist
- Maria Margarethe Kirch, (1670–1720), German astronomer
- Marie Paulze Lavoisier (1758–1836), French chemist and illustrator
- Anna Morandi Manzolini (1716–1774), Italian physician and anatomist
- Maria Pettracini (1759–1791), Italian anatomist and physician
- Louise du Pierry (1746– fl. 1807), French astronomer
- Faustina Pignatelli (d. 1785), Italian physicist
- Christina Roccati (1732–1797) Italian physicist
- Clotilde Tambroni (1758–1817), Italian philologist and linguistic
- Petronella Johanna de Timmerman (1723–1786), Dutch scientist
- Wang Zhenyi (astronomer) (1768–1797), Chinese astronomer
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