- Anna Åkerhjelm (1647–1693), Swedish traveller and amateur archeologist.
- Aphra Behn (1640–1689), British astronomer
- Celia Grillo Borromeo (1684–1777), Italian natural philosopher
- Sophia Brahe (1556–1643), Danish astronomer and chemist
- Margaret Cavendish (1623–1673), natural philosopher
- Isabella Cortese, (fl. 1561), Italian alchemist
- Marie Crous (fl. 1640), French mathematician
- Maria Cunitz (1610–1664), Silesian astronomer
|
- Jeanne Dumée (fl. 1680), French astronomer
- Elisabeth of Bohemia, Princess Palatine (1618–1680), German natural philosopher
- Beatriz Galindo (1465–1534), Spanish physician
- Elisabetha Koopman Hevelius (1647–1693), astronomer, wife of Johannes Hevelius
- Maria Sibylla Merian (1647–1717), naturalist
- Tarquinia Molza (1542–1617), Italian natural philosopher
- Elena Cornaro Piscopia (1646–1684), Italian mathematician and the first female PhD
- Jane Sharp (fl. 1671), British midwife
- Elinor Sneshell (fl. 1593), surgeon
|