The Middle Ages
Estonia remained one of the last corners of medieval Europe to be Christianized. In 1193 Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe. The Northern Crusades from Northern Germany established the stronghold of Riga. With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia in 1208.
- 1003–1210, a series of defence battles and counter campaigns against Kievan Rus'
- 1030–1061, war against Novgorod
- 1206–1227, war against Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Denmark and Sweden
- 1236–1241 and 1260–1261, rebellions on Saaremaa
- 1343–1345, St. George's Night Uprising against the foreign rulers
Read more about this topic: List Of Estonian Wars
Famous quotes containing the words middle ages, middle and/or ages:
“What progress we are making. In the Middle Ages they would have burned me. Now they are content with burning my books.”
—Sigmund Freud (1856–1939)
“In middle age, I practiced feeling old, but the real thing has been a rude surprise.”
—Mason Cooley (b. 1927)
“Ideas devour the ages as men are devoured by their passions. When man is cured, human nature will cure itself perhaps.”
—Honoré De Balzac (1799–1850)