The Middle Ages
Estonia remained one of the last corners of medieval Europe to be Christianized. In 1193 Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe. The Northern Crusades from Northern Germany established the stronghold of Riga. With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia in 1208.
- 1003–1210, a series of defence battles and counter campaigns against Kievan Rus'
- 1030–1061, war against Novgorod
- 1206–1227, war against Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Denmark and Sweden
- 1236–1241 and 1260–1261, rebellions on Saaremaa
- 1343–1345, St. George's Night Uprising against the foreign rulers
Read more about this topic: List Of Estonian Wars
Famous quotes containing the words middle and/or ages:
“At middle night great cats with silver claws,
Bodies of shadow and blind eyes like pearls,
Came up out of the hole, and red-eared hounds
With long white bodies came out of the air
Suddenly, and ran at them and harried them.”
—William Butler Yeats (1865–1939)
“Ages when custom is unsettled are necessarily ages of prophecy. The moralist cannot teach what is revealed; he must reveal what can be taught. He has to seek insight rather than to preach.”
—Walter Lippmann (1889–1974)