The Middle Ages
Estonia remained one of the last corners of medieval Europe to be Christianized. In 1193 Pope Celestine III called for a crusade against pagans in Northern Europe. The Northern Crusades from Northern Germany established the stronghold of Riga. With the help of the newly converted local tribes of Livs and Letts, the crusaders initiated raids into part of what is present-day Estonia in 1208.
- 1003–1210, a series of defence battles and counter campaigns against Kievan Rus'
- 1030–1061, war against Novgorod
- 1206–1227, war against Livonian Brothers of the Sword, Denmark and Sweden
- 1236–1241 and 1260–1261, rebellions on Saaremaa
- 1343–1345, St. George's Night Uprising against the foreign rulers
Read more about this topic: List Of Estonian Wars
Famous quotes related to the middle ages:
“Until the end of the Middle Ages, and in many cases afterwards too, in order to obtain initiation in a trade of any sort whatever—whether that of courtier, soldier, administrator, merchant or workman—a boy did not amass the knowledge necessary to ply that trade before entering it, but threw himself into it; he then acquired the necessary knowledge.”
—Philippe Ariés (20th century)