B
- Isaac Babbitt — Babbitt metal.
- Joseph Jules François Félix Babinski, French neurologist — Babinski reflex or Babinski sign, common name for Plantar reflex
- Karl Baedeker — Baedeker's
- Leo Baekeland — Bakelite
- William Baffin - Baffin Bay, Baffin Island
- Bahram V Gur — bahramdipity
- Balthazar traditional name for one of the Three Wise Men — 12 litre wine bottle (see Wine bottle#Sizes)
- J. G. Ballard — Ballardian
- János Balogh — Balogh Defense
- Heinrich Band — inventor of the Bandoneón, a free-reed instrument particularly popular in Argentina. It plays an essential role in the orquesta tipica, the tango orchestra.
- Peter Bang and Svend Olufsen - Bang and Olufsen
- Joseph Banks — Banks Peninsula, Banksia genus
- Barbara, daughter of Ruth Handler, creator of Barbie — Barbie doll
- Joseph Barbera and William Hanna — Hanna-Barbera Productions
- Thomas Wilson Barnes — Barnes Opening
- Yvonne Barr and Sir Anthony Epstein — Epstein-Barr virus
- Jean Alexandre Barré — Guillain-Barré syndrome
- Caspar Bartholin the Younger — Bartholin's gland
- Basarab I — Bessarabia
- Karl Adolph von Basedow — Graves-Basedow disease
- George Bass - Bass Strait
- Tomas Bata — founder of Bata Shoes; Bata Shoe Museum, Tomas Bata University in Zlín, Batawa, Ontario; Batanagar, India; Batapur, Punjab, Pakistan
- The Beatles - Beatlesque, Beatle boot
- Francis Beaufort — Beaufort scale.
- Heinrich Beck — Beck's beer, Beck's Futures art prize
- Louis de Béchamel, a courtier to King Louis XIV — Béchamel sauce
- Henri Becquerel — becquerel, unit of radioactivity
- Hulusi Behçet, Turkish dermatologist — Behçet's disease
- Adrian Bejan — Bejan number
- Alexander Graham Bell — bel — unit of relative power level; Bell Labs, BellSouth, Bellcore (now Telcordia Technologies), Regional Bell operating company — companies. Also gave birth to a slang term i.e. give James a bell, call James on the telephone.
- Edvard Beneš - Beneš decrees
- Pal Benko — Benko Gambit
- Arnold Bennett - Omelette Arnold Bennett, dish developed at the Savoy Hotel, London.
- Carl Benz — Benz & Cie. (later Daimler-Benz)
- Hiram Berdan — Berdan Sharps Rifle
- Vitus Bering — Bering Strait
- David Berkowitz also known as "Son of Sam" — Son of Sam law
- Juan de Bermudez — Bermuda
- Daniel Bernoulli — Bernoulli's principle
- Sergei Natanovich Bernstein, Bernstein polynomial
- Yogi Berra, baseball player — Yogi Bear, a bear in animated cartoons; Yogiisms
- Henry Bessemer — Bessemer converter
- Pierre Bézier, French engineer and creator of the Bézier curve
- Bieda, a Saxon landowner ("Bieda's ford" + shire) — Bedfordshire
- Henry Bird — Bird's Opening
- Laszlo Biro — Biro, (ballpoint pen)
- Otto von Bismarck, first German Chancellor — Bismarck Archipelago and Bismarck Sea near New Guinea; German battleship Bismarck as well as two ships of the Imperial Navy (Kaiserliche Marine); Bismarck, North Dakota
- Fischer Black and Myron Scholes — Black–Scholes model of options pricing
- Amelia Bloomer (1818–1894) — bloomers
- Benjamin Blumenfeld — Blumenfeld Gambit
- Boann the Irish Goddess — The river Boyne
- Johann Elert Bode and Johann Daniel Titius — Titius-Bode Law
- William E. Boeing — Boeing Commercial Airplanes
- Efim Bogoljubov — Bogo-Indian Defence
- Niels Bohr — Bohr magneton, Bohr radius, bohrium, chemical element
- Lecoq de Boisbaudran — gallium, chemical element. Although named after Gallia (Latin for France), Lecoq de Boisbaudran, the discoverer of the metal, subtly attached an association with his name. Lecoq (rooster) in Latin is gallus.
- Simón Bolívar — Bolivia, Bolívar Department, Colombia, various cities and tows named Bolívar en Venezuela and Colombia, Venezuelan bolívar, Bolívar (cigar brand)
- Ludwig Boltzmann — Boltzmann constant, Stefan-Boltzmann constant, Stefan-Boltzmann law
- Karel Havlíček Borovský - Havlíčkův Brod
- B J T Bosanquet — bosie, the Australian term for the googly
- Satyendra Nath Bose — bosons, Bose-Einstein statistics, Bose-Einstein condensates
- Professor Amar Bose — Bose Speakers
- Dr. Elbert Dysart Botts, Caltrans engineer - Bott's Dots, a street and highway lane separator
- Louis Antoine de Bougainville, French navigator - the bougainvillea plant, which he discovered
- Captain Charles Cunningham Boycott (1832–1897) — boycott
- Robert Boyle — Boyle's Law
- Thomas Bowdler (1754–1825), published an edition of Shakespeare without words or expressions unsuitable to family reading, hence bowdlerize
- Jim Bowie — Bowie knife
- Bowman's Capsule, named for Sir William Bowman, a British anatomist
- Brahmagupta — Brahmagupta's formula, Brahmagupta's identity, Brahmagupta's trapezium, Brahmagupta's problem, Brahmagupta's polynomial
- Louis Braille (1809–1852) — the braille writing system for the blind
- Pierre Savorgnan de Brazza - Brazzaville
- Ebenezer Cobham Brewer - Brewer's Dictionary of Phrase and Fable
- Thomas Brisbane - Brisbane and Brisbane River
- Robert Brown — Brownian motion
- John Browning — Browning firearms, including the Browning Automatic Rifle and Browning Hi-Power
- Prince Brychan — Brecknockshire
- Hans-Joachim Bremermann - Bremermann's limit
- Bucca, a Saxon landowner ("Bucca's home" + shire) — Buckinghamshire
- David Dunbar Buick - founder, Buick
- Professor Robert Wilhelm Bunsen (1811–1899) — Bunsen burner
- General Ambrose Burnside — sideburns
- William Burke - burked - To execute someone by suffocation
- Lord Byron - byronic - Someone particularly melancholic and melodramatic.
Read more about this topic: List Of Eponyms (A-K)