This is a list of all the consonants which have a dedicated letter in the International Phonetic Alphabet, plus some of the consonants which require diacritics, ordered by place and manner of articulation.
IPA pulmonic consonantschart image • audio |
Place → |
Labial |
Coronal |
Dorsal |
Radical |
Glottal |
↓ Manner |
Bilabial |
Labio-dental |
Dental |
Alveolar |
Postalveolar |
Retroflex |
Alveolo-palatal |
Palatal |
Velar |
Uvular |
Pharyngeal |
Epiglottal |
Glottal |
Nasal |
m̥ |
m |
|
ɱ |
|
n̪ |
n̥ |
n |
|
n̠ |
ɳ̊ |
ɳ |
|
ɲ̟ |
ɲ̊ |
ɲ |
ŋ̊ |
ŋ |
|
ɴ |
|
|
|
Stop |
p |
b |
p̪ |
b̪ |
t̪ |
d̪ |
t |
d |
|
ʈ |
ɖ |
|
|
c |
ɟ |
k |
ɡ |
q |
ɢ |
|
ʡ |
ʔ |
|
Fricative |
ɸ |
β |
f |
v |
θ |
ð |
s |
z |
ʃ |
ʒ |
ʂ |
ʐ |
ɕ |
ʑ |
ç |
ʝ |
x |
ɣ |
χ |
ʁ |
ħ |
ʕ |
ʜ |
ʢ |
h |
ɦ |
Approximant |
|
|
ʋ |
|
|
ɹ |
|
|
ɻ |
|
|
j̊ |
j |
|
ɰ |
|
|
Flap or tap |
|
ⱱ̟ |
|
ⱱ |
|
|
ɾ |
|
|
ɽ |
|
|
|
ɢ̆ |
|
|
ʡ̯ |
|
Trill |
|
ʙ |
|
|
r̥ |
r |
|
|
ɽ͡r |
|
|
|
ʀ |
|
|
ᴙ * |
|
Lateral fricative |
|
|
|
ɬ |
ɮ |
|
ɭ˔̊ |
|
|
|
ʎ̥˔ |
|
ʟ̝̊ |
ʟ̝ |
|
|
|
|
Lateral approximant |
|
|
|
l̪ |
l̥ |
l |
|
|
ɭ |
|
ʎ̟ |
|
ʎ |
|
ʟ |
|
|
|
|
Lateral flap |
|
|
|
|
ɺ |
|
|
ɺ̠ |
|
|
|
ʎ̯ |
|
ʟ̆ |
|
|
|
|
Non-pulmonic consonants
Clicks |
ʘ |
ǀ |
ǃ |
ǂ |
ǁ |
ʘ̃ |
ʘ̃ˀ |
ʘ͡q |
ʘ͡qʼ |
‼ |
Implosives |
ɓ |
ɗ |
ʄ |
ᶑ |
ɠ |
ʛ |
Ejectives |
pʼ |
t̪ʼ |
tʼ |
cʼ |
ʈʼ |
kʼ |
qʼ |
fʼ |
θʼ |
sʼ |
ɬʼ |
ʃʼ |
ʂʼ |
ɕʼ |
xʼ |
χʼ |
tsʼ |
tɬʼ |
cʎ̝̥ʼ |
tʃʼ |
ʈʂʼ |
kxʼ |
kʟ̝̊ʼ |
qχʼ |
Affricates
p̪f |
b̪v |
ts |
dz |
tʃ |
dʒ |
tɕ |
dʑ |
ʈʂ |
ɖʐ |
tɬ |
dɮ |
cç |
ɟʝ |
cʎ̥˔ |
|
kx |
ɡɣ |
kʟ̝̊ |
ɡʟ̝ |
qχ |
ɢʁ |
Co-articulated consonants
Continuants |
ʍ |
w |
ɥ |
ɧ |
Occlusives |
k͡p |
ɡ͡b |
ŋ͡m |
These tables contain phonetic symbols, which may not display correctly in some browsers. |
Where symbols appear in pairs, left—right represent the voiceless—voiced consonants. |
Shaded areas denote pulmonic articulations judged to be impossible. |
* Symbol not defined in IPA. |