Historical State Capitals
Most of the original Thirteen Colonies had their capitals occupied or attacked by the British during the American Revolution. State governments operated where and as they could. The City of New York was occupied by British troops from 1776 to 1783. A similar situation occurred during the War of 1812, during the American Civil War in many Confederate states, and during the Pueblo Revolt of 1680–1692 in New Mexico.
Twenty-two state capitals have been a capital longer than their state has been a state, since they served as the capital of a predecessor territory, colony, or republic. Boston, Massachusetts, has been a capital city continuously since 1630, making it the longest-running U.S. capital. Santa Fe, New Mexico, has been a capital city the longest having become capital in 1610 and interrupted only by the Pueblo Revolt of 1680–1692.
The table below includes the following information:
- The state, the year in which statehood was granted, and the state's capital (as of 2010) are shown in bold.
- The year listed for each capital is the starting date; the ending date is the starting date for the successor unless otherwise indicated.
- In many cases, former capital cities of states are outside the current state borders. These cities are indicated with the abbreviated name of the state in which the city is located (as of 2010).
| State | Capital | Date | Notes |
|---|---|---|---|
| Alabama |
San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Savannah (GA) | 1733 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia. | |
| 1755 | Capital of the British Province of Georgia. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of Georgia. | ||
| Augusta (GA) | 1778 | ||
| Heard's Fort (GA) | 1780 | ||
| Augusta (GA) | 1781 | ||
| Savannah (GA) | 1782 | ||
| Ebenezer (GA) | 1782 | ||
| Savannah (GA) | 1784 | ||
| Augusta (GA) | 1786 | ||
| Louisville (GA) | 1796 | ||
| Natchez (MS) | 1798 | Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi. | |
| Washington (MS) | 1802 | ||
| St. Stephens | 1817 | Capital of the Territory of Alabama. | |
| Huntsville | 1819 | Capitals of the State of Alabama. | |
| Cahawba | 1820 | ||
| Tuscaloosa | 1826 | ||
| Montgomery | 1846 | Capital of the State of Alabama. (Capital of the Confederate States of America in 1861.) |
|
| Alaska |
Novo-Arkhangelsk Sitka |
1808 | Capital of the Russian colony of Alaska. |
| 1867 | Capital of the Department of Alaska. | ||
| 1900 | Capitals of the District of Alaska. | ||
| Juneau | 1906 | ||
| 1912 | Capital of the Territory of Alaska. | ||
| 1959 | Capital of the State of Alaska. | ||
| Arizona |
Santa Fe (NM) | 1848 | Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1848–1850. |
| 1850 | Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850–1912. | ||
| Mesilla (NM) | 1862 | Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862). | |
| San Antonio (TX) | 1862 | Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862–1865. | |
| Fort Whipple | 1864 | Capitals of the U.S. Territory of Arizona. | |
| Prescott | 1864 | ||
| Tucson | 1867 | ||
| Prescott | 1877 | ||
| Phoenix | 1889 | ||
| 1912 | Capital of the State of Arizona. | ||
| Arkansas |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri. | ||
| Arkansas Post | 1819 | Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw. | |
| Little Rock | 1821 | ||
| 1836 | Capital of the State of Arkansas. (Washington was the Confederate state capital 1863–1865.) |
||
| California |
Loreto (BCS) | 1770 | Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colonies of las Californias. |
| Presidio Reál de San Carlos de Monterey Monterey |
1777 | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España province of Alta California. | ||
| 1821 | Capital of the Mexican province of Alta California. | ||
| 1846 | Capital of the U.S. military government of California. | ||
| 1849 | Capital of the Provisional government of California. | ||
| Pueblo de San José de Guadalupe San Jose |
1850 | Capitals of the State of California | |
| Vallejo | 1852 | ||
| Benicia | 1853 | ||
| Sacramento | 1854 | ||
| Colorado |
Denver City | 1859 | Capitals of the extralegal Territory of Jefferson. |
| Golden City | 1860 | ||
| Denver City | 1861 | Capitals of the Territory of Colorado. | |
| Colorado City | 1862 | ||
| Golden City | 1862 | ||
| Denver City Denver |
1867 | ||
| 1876 | Capital of the State of Colorado. | ||
| Connecticut |
Fort Amsterdam (NY) | 1625 | Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| Hartford | 1639 | Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut 1639–1686. | |
| New-Haven | 1640 | Capital of the English Colony of New-Haven until its merger into the Connecticut Colony in 1662. | |
| Boston (MA) | 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. | |
| Hartford | 1689 | Capital of the English Colony of Connecticut. | |
| joint capitals | 1701 | Hartford and New-Haven served as the "co-capitals" of the English Colony of Connecticut, with the Assembly holding its May session in Hartford and its October session in New-Haven. | |
| 1707 | Hartford and New-Haven joint capitals of the British Colony of Connecticut. | ||
| 1776 | Hartford and New Haven joint capitals of the State of Connecticut. | ||
| Hartford | 1875 | Capital of the State of Connecticut. | |
| Delaware |
Fort Kristina | 1638 | Capital of the Swedish colony of Nya Sverige. |
| Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York (NY) |
1655 | Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland. | |
| 1664 | Capital of the English Colony of New-York. | ||
| 1673 | Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland. | ||
| 1674 | Capital of the English Colony of New-York. | ||
| Philadelphia (PA) | 1682 | Capital of the English Colony of Pennsylvania. | |
| New-Castle | 1704 | Capital of the English Lower Counties on the Delaware. | |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Lower Counties on the Delaware. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of Delaware. | ||
| Dover | 1777 | ||
| Florida |
Fort de la Caroline | 1564 | Capital of the French colony of la Caroline 1564–1565. |
| San Agustín St. Augustine |
1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida 1565–1763. | |
| 1763 | Capital of the British Colony of East Florida 1763–1783. | ||
| 1783 | Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Oriental 1783–1821. | ||
| Santa María de Ochuse Pensacola |
1763 | Capital of the British Colony of West Florida 1763–1783. | |
| 1783 | Capital of the Spanish colony of Florida Occidental 1783–1821. | ||
| Tallahassee | 1824 | Capital of the Territory of Florida. | |
| 1845 | Capital of the State of Florida. | ||
| Georgia |
San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Savannah | 1733 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia. | |
| 1755 | Capital of the British Province of Georgia. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of Georgia. | ||
| Augusta | 1778 | ||
| Heard's Fort | 1780 | ||
| Augusta | 1781 | ||
| Savannah | 1782 | ||
| Ebenezer | 1782 | ||
| Savannah | 1784 | ||
| Augusta | 1786 | ||
| Louisville | 1796 | ||
| Milledgeville | 1807 | ||
| Macon | 1864 | ||
| Milledgeville | 1865 | ||
| Atlanta | 1868 | ||
| Hawaii |
Lahaina | 1820 | Capitals of the Kingdom of Hawaii. |
| Honolulu | 1845 | ||
| 1894 | Capital of the Republic of Hawaii. | ||
| 1898 | Capital of the Territory of Hawaii. | ||
| 1959 | Capital of the State of Hawaiʻi. | ||
| Idaho |
Fort Vancouver (WA) | 1825 | Capital de facto of the Oregon Country. |
| Oregon City (OR) | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country. | |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (all of Idaho 1848–1853, southern Idaho 1853–1859.) | ||
| Salem (OR) | 1851 | ||
| Olympia (WA) | 1853 | Capital of the Territory of Washington (northern Idaho 1853–1859, all of Idaho 1859–1863.) | |
| Lewiston | 1863 | Capitals of the Territory of Idaho. | |
| Boise | 1865 | ||
| 1890 | Capital of the State of Idaho. | ||
| Illinois |
Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Vincennes (IN) | 1800 | Capital of the Territory of Indiana. | |
| Kaskaskia | 1809 | Capital of the Territory of Illinois. | |
| 1818 | Capitals of the State of Illinois. | ||
| Vandalia | 1820 | ||
| Springfield | 1839 | ||
| Indiana |
Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Vincennes | 1800 | Capitals of the Territory of Indiana. | |
| Corydon | 1813 | ||
| 1816 | Capitals of the State of Indiana. | ||
| Indianapolis | 1825 | ||
| Iowa |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821). | ||
| Detroit (MI) | 1834 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan. | |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin. | |
| Burlington | 1837 | ||
| 1838 | Capitals of the Territory of Iowa. | ||
| Iowa City | 1841 | ||
| 1846 | Capitals of the State of Iowa. | ||
| Des Moines | 1857 | ||
| Kansas |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821). | ||
| Pawnee | 1855 | Capital of the Territory of Kansas (July 2 – July 6). | |
| Shawnee Mission | 1855 | Capital of the Territory of Kansas. | |
| Lecompton | 1856 | Capital de jure (pro-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas. | |
| Topeka | Capital de facto (anti-slavery) of the Territory of Kansas. | ||
| 1861 | Capital of the State of Kansas. | ||
| Kentucky |
Williamsburg (VA) | 1699 | Capital of the English Colony of Virginia. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Colony of Virginia. | ||
| 1776 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. | ||
| Richmond (VA) | 1780 | ||
| Frankfort | 1792 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Kentucky. (Bowling Green was the rival Confederate state capital 1861–1862.) |
|
| Louisiana |
San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Mobile Bay (AL) | 1702 | Capitals of the French colony of la Louisiane. | |
| Biloxi (MS) | 1720 | ||
| la Nouvelle-Orléans Nueva Orleans New Orleans |
1722 | ||
| 1763 | Capital of the Spanish district of Baja Louisiana. | ||
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Basse-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the Territory of Orleans. | ||
| 1812 | Capitals of the State of Louisiana. | ||
| Donaldsonville | 1830 | ||
| New Orleans | 1831 | ||
| Baton Rouge | 1849 | ||
| Opelousas | 1862 | ||
| Shreveport | 1863 | ||
| New Orleans | 1865 | ||
| Baton Rouge | 1880 | ||
| Maine |
Île Sainte-Croix | 1604 | Capitals of the French colony of l'Acadie. |
| Port-Royal (NS) | 1605 | ||
| Boston (MA) | 1630 | Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay. | |
| 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. | ||
| 1689 | Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1774 | Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1776 | Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1780 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. | ||
| Portland | 1820 | Capital of the State of Maine. | |
| 1827 | Capital de facto of the State of Maine. | ||
| Augusta | Capital de jure of the State of Maine. | ||
| 1832 | Capital of the State of Maine. | ||
| Maryland |
St. Mary's City | 1634 | Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Maryland. |
| Anne Arundel's Towne Annapolis |
1694 | Capital of the English Province of Maryland. | |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Maryland. | ||
| 1776 | Capital of the State of Maryland. (Capital of the United States of America 1783–1784.) |
||
| Massachusetts |
Plimouth | 1620 | Capital of the English Colony of New-Plimouth 1620–1686. |
| Boston | 1630 | Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1630–1686. | |
| 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1686–1689. | ||
| Plimouth | 1688 | Capital of the dissident Colony of New-Plimouth 1688–1692. | |
| Boston | 1689 | Capital of the dissident Colony of Massachusetts Bay 1689–1692. | |
| 1692 | Capital of the English Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1774 | Capital of the dissident Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1776 | Capital of the State of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1780 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Massachusetts. | ||
| Michigan |
Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (all of Michigan 1788–1800, eastern Michigan 1800–1803.) |
| Chillicothe (OH) | 1800 | ||
| Vincennes (IN) | Capitals of the Territory of Indiana (western Michigan 1800–1803; all of Michigan 1803–1805, a portion of the Upper Peninsula 1805–1816.) | ||
| Corydon (IN) | 1813 | ||
| Detroit | 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (Lower Peninsula 1805–1818, all of Michigan 1818–1837.) (Detroit was occupied by British Armed Forces 1812–1813.) |
|
| 1837 | Capitals of the State of Michigan. | ||
| Lansing | 1847 | ||
| Minnesota |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana 1765–1800. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (west of Mississippi River 1800–1804.) | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804–1805.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (west of Mississippi River 1805–1812.) | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (west of Mississippi River 1812–1821.) | ||
| Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio (east of Mississippi River 1788–1800.) | |
| Vincennes (IN) | 1800 | Capital of the Territory of Indiana (east of Mississippi River 1800–1809.) | |
| Kaskaskia (IL) | 1809 | Capital of the Territory of Illinois (east of Mississippi River 1809–1818.) | |
| Detroit (MI) | 1818 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Mississippi River 1818-1834, all of Minnesota 1834–1836.) | |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin. | |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 | ||
| 1838 | Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1838–1841.) | ||
| Madison (WI) | Capital of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Mississippi River 1838–1848.) | ||
| Iowa City (IA) | 1841 | Capital of the Territory of Iowa (west of Mississippi River 1841–1846.) | |
| Saint Paul | 1849 | Capital of the Territory of Minnesota. | |
| 1858 | Capital of the State of Minnesota. | ||
| Mississippi |
San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Savannah (GA) | 1733 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Georgia. | |
| 1755 | Capital of the British Province of Georgia. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of Georgia. | ||
| Augusta (GA) | 1778 | ||
| Heard's Fort (GA) | 1780 | ||
| Augusta (GA) | 1781 | ||
| Savannah (GA) | 1782 | ||
| Ebenezer (GA) | 1782 | ||
| Savannah (GA) | 1784 | ||
| Augusta (GA) | 1786 | ||
| Louisville (GA) | 1796 | ||
| Natchez | 1798 | Capitals of the Territory of Mississippi. | |
| Washington | 1802 | ||
| Natchez | 1817 | Capitals of the State of Mississippi. | |
| Jackson | 1821 | ||
| Missouri |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri. | ||
| Saint Charles | 1821 | Capitals of the State of Missouri. (A Confederate state government in exile operated from Neosho 1861–1863, and from Marshall, Texas, 1863–1865.) |
|
| Jefferson City | 1826 | ||
| Montana |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1763–1800.) |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane (east of Continental Divide 1800–1804.) | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide under the authority of the Indiana Territory 1804–1805.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana (east of Continental Divide 1805–1812.) | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (east of Continental Divide 1812–1821.) | ||
| Fort Vancouver (WA) | 1825 | Capital de facto of the Oregon Country (west of Continental Divide 1818–1843.) | |
| Oregon City (OR) | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1843–1848.) | |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon (west of Continental Divide 1848–1853.) | ||
| Salem (OR) | 1851 | ||
| Olympia (WA) | 1853 | Capital of the Territory of Washington (west of Continental Divide 1853–1863.) | |
| Omaha (NE) | 1854 | Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (east of Continental Divide 1854–1861.) | |
| Yankton (SD) | 1861 | Capital of the Territory of Dakota (east of Continental Divide 1861–1863.) | |
| Lewiston (ID) | 1863 | Capital of the Territory of Idaho. | |
| Bannack | 1864 | Capitals of the Territory of Montana. | |
| Virginia City | 1865 | ||
| Helena | 1875 | ||
| 1889 | Capital of the State of Montana. | ||
| Nebraska |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821). | ||
| Omaha | 1854 | Capitals of the Territory of Nebraska. | |
| Lancaster Lincoln |
1867 | ||
| 1867 | Capital of the State of Nebraska. | ||
| Nevada |
Fillmore (UT) | 1850 | Capitals of the Territory of Utah. |
| Salt Lake City (UT) | 1858 | ||
| Carson City | 1861 | Capital of the Territory of Nevada. | |
| 1864 | Capital of the State of Nevada. | ||
| New Hampshire |
Boston (MA) | 1630 | Capital of the English Colony of Massachusetts Bay. |
| Portsmouth | 1680 | Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire. | |
| Boston (MA) | 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. | |
| Portsmouth | 1689 | Capital of the dissident Province of New Hampshire. | |
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire. | ||
| 1698 | Capital of the English Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire under jurisdiction of the Royal Governor of the Province of Massachusetts Bay. | ||
| 1741 | Capital of the British Province of New Hampshire. | ||
| Exeter | 1775 | Capital of the Revolutionary War government of New Hampshire. | |
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of New Hampshire. | ||
| Concord | 1808 | ||
| New Jersey |
Fort Amsterdam (NY) | 1625 | Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland. |
| 1652 | Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland. | ||
| Elizabethtown (now Elizabeth) | 1665 | Capital of the English Province of New Jersey. | |
| Perth Amboy | 1673 | Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1673–1688. | |
| Burlington | Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1673–1688. | ||
| Boston (MA) | 1688 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America 1688–1689. | |
| Perth Amboy | 1689 | Capital of the English Province of East Jersey 1689–1702. | |
| Burlington | Capital of the English Province of West Jersey 1689–1702. | ||
| joint capitals | 1702 | East Jersey and West Jersey were re-united as the English Province of New Jersey in 1702. Perth Amboy and Burlington served jointly as the capital until 1784. | |
| 1707 | Joint capitals of the British Province of New Jersey. | ||
| 1776 | Joint capitals of the State of New Jersey. | ||
| Trenton | 1784 | Capital of the State of New Jersey. (Capital of the United States of America in 1784.) |
|
| New Mexico |
San Juan de los Caballeros | 1598 | Capitals of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. |
| La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís | 1610 | ||
| El Paso del Norte (now Ciudad Juárez CHH) | 1680 | Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony-in-exile of Santa Fe de Nuevo México (Pueblo Revolt 1680–1692). | |
| La Villa Real de la Santa Fé de San Francisco de Asís Santa Fe |
1692 | Capital of the Spanish Virreinato de la Nueva España colony of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. | |
| 1821 | Capital of the Mexican province of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. | ||
| 1824 | Capital of the Mexican territory of Santa Fe de Nuevo México. | ||
| 1846 | Capital of the U.S. military government of New Mexico 1846. | ||
| 1846 | Capital of the U.S. provisional government of New Mexico 1846–1850. | ||
| 1850 | Capital of the U.S. Territory of New Mexico 1850–1912. | ||
| Mesilla | 1862 | Capital of the Confederate Territory of Arizona (southern New Mexico and Arizona 1862). | |
| San Antonio (TX) | 1862 | Capital of the government-in-exile of the Confederate Territory of Arizona 1862–1865. | |
| Santa Fe | 1912 | Capital of the State of New Mexico. | |
| New York |
Fort Amsterdam Nieuw-Amsterdam New-York Nieuw-Oranje New-York |
1625 | Capital of the Netherlands colony of Nieuw-Nederland (Novum Belgium). |
| 1652 | Capital of the Netherlands province of Nieuw-Nederland. | ||
| 1664 | Capital of the English Province of New York. | ||
| 1673 | Capital of the Netherlands military government of Nieuw-Nederland. | ||
| 1674 | Capital of the English Province of New York. | ||
| Boston (MA) | 1688 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. | |
| New-York | 1689 | Capital of the dissident government of New-York. | |
| 1691 | Capital of the English Province of New York. | ||
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of New York. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of New York. | ||
| Kingston | 1777 | ||
| Hurley | 1777 | ||
| Poughkeepsie | 1777 | ||
| New York | 1788 | Capital of the State of New York. (Capital of the United States of America 1785–1788 and 1789–1790.) |
|
| Albany | 1797 | Capital of the State of New York. | |
| North Carolina |
San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Charlestown (SC) | 1670 | Capital of the English Province of Carolina. | |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Carolina. | ||
| New Bern | 1712 | Capital of the British Province of North Carolina. | |
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of North Carolina. | ||
| Fayetteville | 1789 | ||
| Raleigh | 1794 | ||
| North Dakota |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821). | ||
| Detroit (MI) | 1834 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1834–1836.) | |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1836–1838.) | |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 | ||
| 1838 | Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1838–1846.) | ||
| Iowa City (IA) | 1841 | ||
| Saint Paul (MN) | 1849 | Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River and White Earth River 1849–1858.) | |
| Omaha (NE) | 1854 | Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River or White Earth River 1854–1861.) | |
| Yankton (SD) | 1861 | Capitals of the Territory of Dakota. | |
| Bismarck | 1883 | ||
| 1889 | Capital of the State of North Dakota. | ||
| Ohio |
Marietta | 1788 | Capitals of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Chillicothe | 1800 | ||
| 1803 | Capitals of the State of Ohio. | ||
| Zanesville | 1810 | ||
| Chillicothe | 1812 | ||
| Columbus | 1816 | ||
| Oklahoma |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri. | ||
| Arkansas Post (AR) | 1819 | Capitals of the Territory of Arkansaw (south of the parallel 36°30' north 1819–1824, southeastern Oklahoma 1824–1828.) | |
| Little Rock (AR) | 1821 | ||
| Tahlequah | 1838 | Capital of the Cherokee Nation. | |
| Tuskahoma | 1838 | Capital of the Choctaw Nation. | |
| Tishomingo | 1855 | Capital of the Chickasaw Nation. | |
| Wewoka | 1866 | Capital of the Seminole Nation. | |
| Okmulgee | 1867 | Capital of the Creek Nation. | |
| Pawhuska | ? | Capital of the Osage Nation. | |
| Guthrie | 1889 | Capital of the Territory of Oklahoma. | |
| 1907 | Capitals of the State of Oklahoma. | ||
| Oklahoma City | 1910 | ||
| Oregon |
Champoeg | 1841 | De facto Capital of the Oregon Country |
| Oregon City | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country. | |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon. | ||
| Salem | 1851 | ||
| Corvallis | 1855 | ||
| Salem | 1855 | ||
| 1859 | Capital of the State of Oregon. | ||
| Pennsylvania |
Philadelphia | 1682 | Capital of the English proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania. |
| 1707 | Capital of the British proprietary Colony of Pennsylvania. | ||
| 1776 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1776, 1777, 1778–1783, and 1790–1800.) |
||
| Lancaster | 1799 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. (Capital of the United States of America 1777.) |
|
| Harrisburg | 1812 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Pennsylvania. | |
| Rhode Island |
Providence | 1636 | Capital of the English Colony of Providence 1636–1663. |
| Portsmouth | 1639 | Capital of the English Colony of Aquidneck Island 1639–1644. | |
| 1644 | Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island 1644–1663. | ||
| Providence | 1663 | Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. | |
| Boston (MA) | 1686 | Capital of the English Dominion of New-England in America. | |
| Providence | 1689 | Capital of the English Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. | |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Colony of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. | ||
| five capitals | 1776 | From 1776 to 1853, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations rotated among the county seats of the state's five counties: Providence, Newport, East Greenwich, South Kingstown, and Bristol. | |
| joint capitals | 1854 | From 1854 to 1899, the legislature of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations alternated sessions between Providence and Newport. | |
| Providence | 1900 | Capital of the State of Rhode Island and Providence Plantations. | |
| South Carolina |
San Agustín (FL) | 1565 | Capital of the Spanish colony of la Florida. |
| Charlestown | 1670 | Capital of the English Province of Carolina. | |
| 1707 | Capital of the British Province of Carolina. | ||
| 1712 | Capital of the British Province of South Carolina. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the State of South Carolina. | ||
| Columbia | 1786 | ||
| South Dakota |
Saint-Louis San Luis St. Louis (MO) |
1765 | Capital of the Spanish (though predominantly Francophone) district of Alta Louisiana. |
| 1800 | Capital of the French district of la Haute-Louisiane. | ||
| 1804 | Capital of the District of Louisiana (under the authority of the Indiana Territory.) | ||
| 1805 | Capital of the Territory of Louisiana. | ||
| 1812 | Capital of the Territory of Missouri (1812–1821). | ||
| Detroit (MI) | 1834 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan (east of Missouri River 1834–1836.) | |
| Belmont (WI) | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin (east of Missouri River 1836–1838.) | |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 | ||
| 1838 | Capitals of the Territory of Iowa (east of Missouri River 1838–1846.) | ||
| Iowa City (IA) | 1841 | ||
| Saint Paul (MN) | 1849 | Capital of the Territory of Minnesota (east of Missouri River 1849–1858.) | |
| Omaha (NE) | 1854 | Capital of the Territory of Nebraska (west of Missouri River 1854–1861.) | |
| Yankton | 1861 | Capitals of the Territory of Dakota. | |
| Bismarck (ND) | 1883 | ||
| Pierre | 1889 | Capital of the State of South Dakota. | |
| Tennessee |
New Bern (NC) | 1712 | Capital of the British Province of North Carolina. |
| 1776 | Capital of the State of North Carolina. | ||
| Rocky Mount | 1790 | Capitals of the Territory South of the River Ohio. | |
| White's Fort Knoxville |
1791 | ||
| 1796 | Capital of the State of Tennessee. | ||
| Kingston | 1807 | Capital of the State of Tennessee for one day in 1807 to fulfill treaty obligations with the Cherokee Nation. | |
| Knoxville | 1807 | Capitals of the State of Tennessee. | |
| Nashville | 1812 | ||
| Knoxville | 1817 | ||
| Murfreesboro | 1818 | ||
| Nashville | 1826 | ||
| Texas |
Los Adaes (LA) | 1729 | Capitals of the Spanish colony of Tejas. |
| San Antonio de Béxar (now San Antonio) | 1772 | ||
| Saltillo (COA) | 1824 | Capitals of the Mexican province of Coahuila y Tejas. | |
| Monclova (COA) | 1833 | ||
| Washington (now Washington-on-the-Brazos) | 1836 | Capitals of the Republic of Texas. | |
| Galveston | 1836 | ||
| Harrisburgh | 1836 | ||
| Velasco | 1836 | ||
| Columbia | 1836 | ||
| Houston | 1837 | ||
| Austin | 1839 | ||
| 1845 | Capital of the State of Texas. | ||
| Utah |
Salt Lake City | 1849 | Capital of the extralegal State of Deseret. |
| Fillmore | 1850 | Capitals of the Territory of Utah. | |
| Salt Lake City | 1858 | ||
| 1896 | Capital of the State of Utah. | ||
| Vermont |
Westminster | 1777 | Capitals of the Republic of New Connecticut. |
| Windsor | 1777 | ||
| 1777 | Capital of the Vermont Republic. | ||
| 1791 | Capitals of the State of Vermont. | ||
| Montpelier | 1805 | ||
| Virginia |
Jamestown | 1619 | Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia. |
| Middle Plantation Williamsburg |
1698 | ||
| 1707 | Capital of the British Colony of Virginia. | ||
| 1776 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. | ||
| Richmond | 1780 | Capital of the Commonwealth of Virginia. (Capital of the Confederate States of America 1861–1865.) (A rival pro-Union state government operated from Wheeling 1861–1863 and from Alexandria 1863–1865.) |
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| Washington |
Oregon City (OR) | 1843 | Capital of the Provisional Government of Oregon in the Oregon Country. |
| 1848 | Capitals of the Territory of Oregon. | ||
| Salem (OR) | 1851 | ||
| Olympia | 1853 | Capital of the Territory of Washington. | |
| 1889 | Capital of the State of Washington. | ||
| West Virginia |
Jamestown (VA) | 1619 | Capitals of the English Colony of Virginia. |
| Middle Plantation (VA) Williamsburg (VA) |
1698 | ||
| 1707 | Capital of the British Colony of Virginia. | ||
| 1776 | Capitals of the Commonwealth of Virginia. | ||
| Richmond (VA) | 1780 | ||
| Wheeling | 1861 | Capital of the rival pro-Union government of the Commonwealth of Virginia. | |
| 1863 | Capitals of the State of West Virginia. | ||
| Charleston | 1870 | ||
| Wheeling | 1875 | ||
| Charleston | 1885 | ||
| Wisconsin |
Marietta (OH) | 1788 | Capital of the Territory Northwest of the River Ohio. |
| Vincennes (IN) | 1800 | Capital of the Territory of Indiana. | |
| Kaskaskia (IL) | 1809 | Capital of the Territory of Illinois. | |
| Detroit (MI) | 1818 | Capital of the Territory of Michigan. | |
| Belmont | 1836 | Capitals of the Territory of Wisconsin. | |
| Burlington (IA) | 1837 | ||
| Madison | 1838 | ||
| 1848 | Capital of the State of Wisconsin. | ||
| Wyoming |
Lewiston (ID) | 1863 | Capital of the Territory of Idaho. |
| Yankton (SD) | 1864 | Capital of the Territory of Dakota. | |
| Cheyenne | 1869 | Capital of the Territory of Wyoming. | |
| 1890 | Capital of the State of Wyoming. |
Read more about this topic: List Of Capitals In The United States
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