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- Frederick Sanger (born 1918), two Nobel prizes for DNA sequencing and protein sequencing.
- Rudolph Schoenheimer (1898–1941), German/US, pioneer of radioactive tagging of molecules
- Raj Shankar, (1947–2000), Indian Neurobiochemist, Work on: Cerebral Metabolism, Signal transduction and for establishing that there is phosphorylation related folding problem of proteins in Alzheimer's disease.
- Anatoly Sharpenak, (1895–1969), Russian, biochemist.
- Alexander Shulgin, (Born 1925), Russian/American pharmacologist, popularized MDMA in America, and work with various psychoactive drugs
- Karl Slotta, (1895-1987), German/US, biochemist pioneer in study of progesterone and antivenom.
Read more about this topic: List Of Biochemists