C
- Ryan Cabrera - Colombian musician (Jesuit College Preparatory School)
- Rafael Caldera - Venezuelan politician (Colegio San Ignacio de Loyola Caracas, Venezuela)
- Pedro Calderón de la Barca - Spanish dramatist (Jesuit College Madrid)
- Joseph Califano - U.S. Secretary of Health, Education and Welfare in the Carter Administration (Brooklyn Prep and College of the Holy Cross)
- Daniel J. Callaghan - American admiral who won the Medal of Honor in WWII (St. Ignatius College Preparatory, San Francisco)
- Tony Canadeo - American football player (Gonzaga University)
- Philip Caputo - American journalist (Loyola University Chicago)
- Ernesto Cardenal - Nicaraguan priest and poet
- Charles Carroll of Carrollton - last surviving (and only Catholic) signer of the U.S. Declaration of Independence, delegate to the Continental Congress and later US Senator for Maryland (College of St. Omer in France)
- Daniel Carroll - American politician, considered to be one of the Founding Fathers of the United States (College of St. Omer in Flanders)
- Archbishop John Carroll, SJ - first American archbishop and founder of Georgetown University (College of St. Omer, Flanders)
- Robert P. Casey, Sr. - Governor of Pennsylvania (Scranton Preparatory School and College of the Holy Cross)
- Robert P. Casey, Jr. - US Senator (Scranton Preparatory School and College of the Holy Cross)
- William Casey - American former director of the CIA (Fordham University)
- Giovanni Domenico Cassini - Italian astronomer, engineer, and astrologer (Jesuit College at Genoa)
- Louis Bertrand Castel - French Jesuit mathematician (Jesuit School in Toulouse)
- Fidel Castro - President of Cuba (Colegio de Belen, Havana, Cuba)
- Raúl Castro - President of Cuba (Colegio de Belen, Havana, Cuba)
- Paul Cellucci - former US Ambassador to Canada (Boston College)
- Miguel de Cervantes - Spanish author
- Giovanni Ceva - Italian mathematician (Jesuit College in Milan)
- Tommaso Ceva - Italian mathematician (Jesuit College of Brera in Milan)
- François de la Chaise - French priest and father confessor of King Louis XIV and the namesake of the famous Père Lachaise Cemetery (Jesuit College of Lyon)
- Ahmed Chalabi - Iraqi politician (Baghdad College)
- Christopher G. Champlin - United States Representative and Senator from Rhode Island; elected as a Federalist to the Fifth and Sixth Congresses; president of the Rhode Island Bank (College of St. Omer)
- Elwin Bruno Christoffel - German and French mathematician and physicist (Jesuit Gymnasium in Cologne)
- Vincent Cianci - American politician (Fairfield University)
- Sandra Cisneros - American author (Loyola University Chicago)
- Walter Ciszek, S.J. - American priest, Russian Catholic Church, accused of being a Vatican spy, GULAG survivor, author, noted spiritual advisor. (Collegium Russicum)
- Tom Clancy, Jr. - American author (Loyola College in Maryland and Loyola High School)
- Will Clark - American baseball player (Jesuit High School, New Orleans)
- Patricia Clarkson - Emmy Award-winning and Academy Award-nominated actress (Fordham University)
- Peter Claver - Roman Catholic saint
- Christopher Clavius - German Jesuit astronomer
- Bill Clinton - President of the United States (Georgetown University)
- Johnnie Cochran - American lawyer (Loyola Law School, Los Angeles)
- Carl Colby - American documentary filmmaker (Georgetown University)
- Billy Collins - American poet (College of the Holy Cross)
- Chris Collins - American hockey player (Boston College)
- Arthur Conan Doyle - British author (Stonyhurst College, United Kingdom)
- Marquis de Condorcet - French philosopher, mathematician, and early political scientist (Jesuit College in Reims)
- Harry Connick, Jr - American singer, entertainer, movie actor (Jesuit High School, New Orleans)
- Pat Conroy - American writer (Gonzaga High School, Washington, DC) (one year)
- Arthur W. Conway - Irish mathematician and President of University College Dublin, where he had received a Jesuit education as a young man
- Pierre Corneille - French dramatist
- E. Gerald Corrigan - American banker, 7th President of the Federal Reserve Bank of New York (Fairfield University and Fordham University)
- Pierre de Coubertin - French pedagogue and historian
- Bob Cousy - American basketball player (College of the Holy Cross)
- Bing Crosby - American entertainer (Gonzaga University, Spokane)
- Johann Baptist Cysat - Swiss mathematician and astronomer (University of Ingolstadt)
- Andrew Cuomo - governor of New York State (Fordham University)
Read more about this topic: List Of Alumni Of Jesuit Educational Institutions