Influential Libertarian Philosophers
- See also Category:Libertarian theorists and Timeline of libertarian thinkers
- Émile Armand – one of the most influential individualist anarchists of the early 20th century
- Mikhail Bakunin – one of the main theorists of collectivist anarchism and a major influence on the development of Left-libertarianism
- Frédéric Bastiat – one of the leading economists of the 19th century and creator of the concept of opportunity cost
- Murray Bookchin – the founder of libertarian municipalism and a leading theorist of the social ecology movement
- Joseph Déjacque – the first recorded person to call himself "libertarian" and the founder of the first publication with the name "Libertarian" in its title
- Milton Friedman – Nobel Prize-winning monetarist economist, notable for his advocacy of economic deregulation and privatization
- William Godwin – the first modern proponent of anarchism, whose political views are outlined in his book Political Justice
- Emma Goldman – influential proponent of anarcha-feminism
- Friedrich Hayek – Nobel Prize-winning Austrian School economist, notable for his political work The Road to Serfdom
- Hans-Hermann Hoppe – developed extensive work on (argumentation ethics)
- Peter Kropotkin – the main theorist of libertarian communism
- Ludwig von Mises – an influential figure in the Austrian School of economic thought who established praxeology
- Robert Nozick – political philosopher and author of Anarchy, State, and Utopia
- Pierre-Joseph Proudhon – the first self-described anarchist and founder of mutualism
- Ayn Rand – the creator of the philosophy of Objectivism
- Murray Rothbard – the founder of anarcho-capitalism and a leading Austrian school economist
- Max Stirner – founder of egoist anarchism
- Henry David Thoreau – one of the leading philosophers of American Transcendentalism and anarcho-pacifism
- Benjamin Tucker – a leading theorist of individualist anarchism in the 19th century
- Josiah Warren – the first known American anarchist and author of the first anarchist periodical The Peaceful Revolutionist
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