Risk Situations in Letter-of-credit Transactions
Fraud Risks
- The payment will be obtained for nonexistent or worthless merchandise against presentation by the beneficiary of forged or falsified documents.
- Credit itself may be forged.
Sovereign and Regulatory Risks
- Performance of the Documentary Credit may be prevented by government action outside the control of the parties.
Legal Risks
- Possibility that performance of a Documentary Credit may be disturbed by legal action relating directly to the parties and their rights and obligations under the Documentary Credit
Force Majeure and Frustration of Contract
- Performance of a contract – including an obligation under a Documentary Credit relationship – is prevented by external factors such as natural disasters or armed conflicts
Risks to the Applicant
- Non-delivery of Goods
- Short shipment
- Inferior Quality
- Early /Late Shipment
- Damaged in transit
- Foreign exchange
- Failure of Bank viz Issuing bank / Collecting Bank
Risks to the Issuing Bank
- Insolvency of the Applicant
- Fraud Risk, Sovereign and Regulatory Risk and Legal Risks
Risks to the Reimbursing Bank
- no obligation to reimburse the Claiming Bank unless it has issued a reimbursement undertaking.
Risks to the Beneficiary
- Failure to Comply with Credit Conditions
- Failure of, or Delays in Payment from, the Issuing Bank
Read more about this topic: Letter Of Credit
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