Philosophic Successors
In political practice, Leninism (vanguard-party revolution), despite its origin as Communist revolutionary praxis, was adopted throughout the political spectrum.
- In the Republic of China (Taiwan), the ideologically right-wing, and anti-Communist, Kuomintang party was so organised.
- In the People's Republic of China, the Communist Party of China was organised as a Leninist vanguard party, based upon Maoism (The Thought of Mao Zedong), the Chinese practical application of Marxism-Leninism, specific to Chinese socio-economic conditions.
- The People's Action Party (PAP) of Singapore was originally organized on Leninist lines, with internal democracy and initiated a legacy single-party dominance over the government that continues to the present.
In turn, Maoism became the theoretical basis of some third world revolutionary vanguard parties, e.g., the Communist Party of Peru – Red Fatherland, the Sandinista National Liberation Front, et al. Moreover, contemporary Leninists propose that globalization is the continuation of 19th-century imperialism, wherein developed-country capitalists exploit the working class of underdeveloped and developed countries with low wages, over-long workdays, and intensive working conditions that disallow labour unions. (see 1912 Lawrence Textile Strike).
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