Landauer is a surname, and may refer to:
- Bernhard Landauer
- Gustav Landauer, German anarchist, writer, and critic
- M. H. Landauer, Writer on Jewish mysticism; born in 1808 at Kappel
- Rolf Landauer, German-American physicist; born in 1927 at Stuttgart
- Samuel Landauer, German Orientalist and librarian; born at Hürben, Bavaria
- Thomas Landauer
- Walter Landauer, pianist best known as half of the Rawicz and Landauer piano duo