Kohoutek is a Czech surname. It may refer to:
- Ctirad Kohoutek (born 1929), Czech composer and music theorist
- Luboš Kohoutek (born 1935), Czech astronomer
- Comet Kohoutek, a comet discovered by him and named in his honor
- 1850 Kohoutek, an asteroid named in his honor
- "Kohoutek," an instrumental by American rock band Journey, from their self-titled 1975 debut album
- "Kohoutek", a song by R.E.M. published on their album Fables of the Reconstruction