Scope
A Knoevenagel condensation is demonstrated in the reaction of 2-methoxybenzaldehyde 1 with the barbituric acid 2 in ethanol using piperidine as a base. The resulting enone 3 is a charge transfer complex molecule.
The Knoevenagel condensation is a key step in the commercial production of the antimalarial drug lumefantrine (a component of Coartem) :
The initial reaction product is a 50:50 mixture of E and Z isomers but because both isomers equilibrate rapidly around their common hydroxyl precursor, the more stable Z-isomer can eventually be obtained.
A multicomponent reaction featuring a Knoevenagel condensation is demonstrated in this MORE synthesis with cyclohexanone, malononitrile and 3-amino-1,2,4-triazole :
Read more about this topic: Knoevenagel Condensation
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