Kitty Wilkins - Horse Queen of Idaho

Horse Queen of Idaho

During his years in Tuscarora, John Wilkins became interested in the Bruneau Valley, in Idaho, and the high rangeland to the south. By the spring of 1880, he had a fair holding of cattle and horses foraging there. Although he pursued other mining ventures in Central Idaho for awhile, he also built up his herds in southern Idaho. Thus, in June 1885, he established a ranching station near what is now Murphy Hot Springs, on the Jarbridge River less than two miles from the Nevada border. By then, the Diamond brand of the Wilkins Company was well known, not only in Idaho, but in midwestern horse markets.

In June 1887, a newspaper “Brevity” reported that Kitty and her brothers had “shipped two carloads of horses to the Omaha market” from Mountain Home. The family had discovered that Kitty not only had a special knack for horse-raising, she was also an astute and effective marketer and salesperson.

Some newspapers called her a “cattle queen.” However, in 1887, Kitty told an interviewer, “That is incorrect. The Wilkins Company of Idaho own both horses and cattle, and this is how the mistake originated, but my own specialty is horses.” In fact, the article headline called her “A Horse Queen,” and she was known by the label for the rest of her life. At least one clever writer took it further to call her the “Queen of Diamonds,” based on the company brand.

She was, in fact, vastly ahead of her time, and not just by being a very successful woman in a man’s business. Kitty quickly learned that she was news, just by what she was, but she also sensed the value of a good story. In the same 1887 interview, she told the tale of how she had actually entered the horse business when she was just a little girl. (She had perhaps honed her presentation even before this point.)

During their moving around, she said, friends had given her parents two $20 gold pieces as a going-away present for the two-year-old infant. A few years later, when her father purchased a band of horses in Oregon, “he bethought him of my $40, and seeing a fine filly left, offered $40 for her.” Although the asking price was $50, the seller let it go for the lower price. Perhaps father John told him the filly was for his little girl, but Kitty left it to the reporter to “fill in the blanks” on that notion.

For other thirty years, the Wilkins ranch shipped thousands of horse all over the country and into Canada, as far north as the Yukon Territory. Early on, they had imported blooded stock to upgrade the herds. Thus, she developed top-notch stock that was specially bred for different markets: Clydesdale and Percheron lines for heavy freight, Morgans for saddle and harness, and so on. Customers included the U. S. Cavalry, and some of her best stock went to Buffalo Bill Cody’s Wild West Show.

During all that time, Kitty not only ran the horse operation, she also handled all the marketing and sales, almost always traveling by herself. That too was unusual, and brought her further attention. In fact, she caused a sensation wherever she went with her loads of horses. A reporter for the Denver Post larded his interview article with effusive praise: “Her face glowed with intelligence, gentle humor and glorious health, such as can only be acquired by outdoor life, and that is the life that is led by Miss Kitty C. Wilkins, the wonderful horse raiser of Bruneau, Idaho.”

Still, the reporter did acknowledge, and discuss, her business skills. In closing, he noted that Kitty, “has made a magnificent success of horse ranching, in which enterprise so many men have made failures.”

That same writer also described her dislike of automobiles, which she considered “ugly” and “unsafe.” But Wilkins could see the trend as well as anyone else. It’s not entirely clear when she began to cut back the operation. That surely received further impetus when, in 1910, a late-coming homesteader successfully contested their weak title to the tract of land near Murphy Hot Springs.

World War I provided one last surge of business for the Wilkins Ranch. They sold thousands of horses to the U. S. Army. After the War, however, the market for horses dwindled rapidly. She moved from the ranch to a fine home in Glenns Ferry, Idaho in the early Twenties, perhaps not long after her mother died there in February 1921.