Keiretsu - Types of Keiretsu

Types of Keiretsu

Cartels and groupings of various kinds are common in Japan.

The two types of keiretsu, horizontal and vertical, can be further categorized as:

  • Kigyō shūdan (企業集団, "horizontally diversified business groups"?)
  • Seisan keiretsu (生産系列, "vertical manufacturing networks"?)
  • Ryūtsū keiretsu (流通系列, "vertical distribution networks"?)

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    ... there are two types of happiness and I have chosen that of the murderers. For I am happy. There was a time when I thought I had reached the limit of distress. Beyond that limit, there is a sterile and magnificent happiness.
    Albert Camus (1913–1960)

    ... there are two types of happiness and I have chosen that of the murderers. For I am happy. There was a time when I thought I had reached the limit of distress. Beyond that limit, there is a sterile and magnificent happiness.
    Albert Camus (1913–1960)