Karl Gottlieb Pfander - Bibliography

Bibliography

He wrote his own apologetic entitled Mizan al-Haqq(The balance of truth), translated from German language entitled Wage der Wahrheit, as he was frustrated by the lack of evangelical literature for Muslims. He used this work to defend the integrity of Bible and the truth of Christian revelation against the Islamic views of its textual corruption and impugned the veracity of Quran and Muhammed's prophethood. This work typified Pfander's role in shaping missionary controversy with Islam in the nineteenth century.

While in Shusha, he drafted Wage der Wahrheit, considered till-today as missionary classic, in German language in May 1829. It had been translated later into Persian language entitled Mizan al-Haqq in 1835 at Shusha, and also into Armenian, Turkish, and Urdu languages afterwards. Urdu translation is done in 1843 at Mirzapur, Uttar Pradesh, after Pfander arrived India. It has been translated into English as The balance of truth. This work is considered as a cogent and incisive attack on Mohammedanism.

While in India, he engaged Muslim religious leaders in public disputations in Agra and Peshawar;

In 1840, he published Remarks on the Nature of Muhammedanism that dealt with popular Muslim faith, emphasizing the importance of Islamic traditions(hadith) in the ways Muslims interpret the Quran and practice their faith.

In 1844, he published Miftah al-Asrar(The key of mysteries) that presents an account of Jesus and the Trinity; and discusses the doctrines of the deity of Christ and the Trinity.. He also published Tariq al-Hayat(The way of life) or Taríqu'l-hyát(The Path of Life) -- presents the Christianc understanding of salvation as against the Islamic understanding of sin.