Geography
Karaikudi is located in Sivagangai district on the Trichy - Rameswaram Highway. Earlier it was a small village in Ramanathapuram District. In 1928 its status changed from Panchayat to Municipality. The city became well connected by Railways and Roadways in 1930. The Thennar River flows through South Karaikudi. It is 300 km from Coimbatore, 90 km from Trichy, 80 km from Madurai, and 400 km from Chennai, 50 km from Pudukkottai. Karaikkudi is located at 10°04′N 78°47′E / 10.07°N 78.78°E / 10.07; 78.78. It has an average elevation of 82 metres (269 ft).
The terrain of Karaikudi is predominantly flat. Rocky areas are found in the surrounding areas of Karaikudi town and intensity of rocks is more towards western side of the town. The soil is hard red lateritic type and is not suitable for cultivation.
The water table in the area is generally at depths of 3 to 6 feet and rises to nearly 1m below the ground level during rainy seasons. Some bore wells operate at a depth of 100’ to 200’. The most important source of groundwater is from the deeper aquifer under artesian conditions. Locally known as "Semponootru" or "sembaiyootru", springs produce water near the Devakottai Rasta. Since 1970s the water supply for the Karaikudi residents relies on this deeper aquifer.
The average maximum temperature is about 34°C and average minimum temperature is about 24°C. The annual average rainfall in Karaikudi is about 920mm. The monthly averages are:
| Month | Maximum Temperature (°C) | Minimum Temperature (°C) | Rainfall (mm) |
|---|---|---|---|
| January | 30.5 | 20.6 | 14.1 |
| February | 33.0 | 21.5 | 11.5 |
| March | 35.8 | 23.4 | 24.4 |
| April | 37.3 | 25.9 | 44.2 |
| May | 37.8 | 26.4 | 75.1 |
| June | 36.8 | 26.4 | 47.9 |
| July | 36.1 | 26.1 | 59.2 |
| August | 35.7 | 25.6 | 73.4 |
| September | 35.0 | 24.9 | 121.7 |
| October | 32.5 | 24.1 | 160.8 |
| November | 30.3 | 22.9 | 196.5 |
| December | 29.5 | 21.1 | 92.3 |
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