Food
Kapenta is usually dried in the sun on a clean surface such as concrete slabs, rocks or netting. Drying on racks gives the best results. Drying takes one day or more, depending on the weather. Unfortunately the kapenta season coincides with the rainy season when the fish congregates and sundrying may not always be possible causing postharvest losses. These losses are mostly economical as the lower quality dried fish fetches a lower price. In the worst case the dried fish is used as chicken feed. Salting before drying is a solution: kapenta is salted at a ratio normally of 2.5 kg per 30 kg (1 lb per 12 lb) of fish, and dried in the hot Zambezi Valley sun. It is a hugely important staple, providing refrigeration-free protein to people of Africa. A cup of dried kapenta will feed a family. Dried kapenta is preferred to the slightly bitter dried dagaa from Lake Victoria, but poor people will buy dagaa because of its lower price.
In Zimbabwe dried kapenta fish are shallow fried with onions and tomatoes. They are eaten with traditional staple meal called Isitshwala/sadza.
Fresh kapenta is also packed in plastic pouches and frozen. Frozen kapenta is popular but more expensive then dried kapenta. Fresh kapenta is not sold in the markets, except in fishing villages. In fact in southern Africa fresh fish is unknown in markets and supermarkets where frozen fish is often called "fresh" fish. Specialized fish shops hardly exist.
In the 1960s/70s some fishery development projects experimented with smoke-dried kapenta, salted or not, but this never caught on.
Marinated kapenta can be made from kapenta fillets put in vinegar with salt and kept in a refrigerator. After 2 or 3 days the vinegar is discarded and the fish is quickly rinsed with clean water. Then the fillets are put in a mix of olive oil, vinegar, sugar, garlic, chill peppers, and lots of parsley or celery. After another 2 or 3 days in the fridge the marinated fillets are ready to eat.
It is an important bait fish for the Tigerfish (Alestidae family) and although introduced in Kariba and Cahora Bassa, does not seem to have harmed the environment.
It is an important contributor to the economies of the areas it is caught in.
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