Johor Administration
The Johor Sultanate continued the system of administration previously practised in Malacca. The highest authority lay in the hands of the Yang di-Pertuan who was known as the Sultan. The Sultan was assisted by a body known as the Majlis Orang Kaya (Council of Rich Men) which was tasked with advising the Sultan. Among them were the Bendahara, Temenggong, Laksamana, Shahbandar and Seri Bija Diraja. During the 18th century, the Bendahara lived in Pahang and the Temenggong Johor in Teluk Belanga, Singapore. Each one managed the administration of their individual areas based on the level of authority bestowed upon them by the Sultan of Johor.
The Johor Empire is decentralized. It is made of four main fiefs and the Sultan's territory. The fiefs are Muar and its territories under the Raja Temenggung of Muar; Pahang under the stewardship of the Bendehara; Riau under the control of Yam Tuan Muda and mainland Johor and Singapore under the Temenggung. The rest of the Empire belongs to the Sultan. The Sultan resides in Lingga. All the Orang Kayas except Raja Temenggung Muar reports directly to the Sultan ; Raja Temenggung Muar is a sovereign and is recognised by the Sultan.
Sultans of Johor | Reign |
---|---|
Malacca-Johor Dynasty | |
Alauddin Riayat Shah II | 1528–1564 |
Muzaffar Shah II | 1564–1570 |
Abdul Jalil Shah I | 1570–1571 |
Ali Jalla Abdul Jalil Shah II | 1571–1597 |
Alauddin Riayat Shah III | 1597–1615 |
Abdullah Ma'ayat Shah | 1615–1623 |
Abdul Jalil Shah III | 1623–1677 |
Ibrahim Shah | 1677–1685 |
Mahmud Shah II | 1685–1699 |
Bendahara Dynasty | |
Abdul Jalil IV (Bendahara Abdul Jalil) | 1699–1720 |
Malacca-Johor Dynasty (descent) | |
Abdul Jalil Rahmat Shah (Raja Kecil) | 1718–1722 |
Bendahara Dynasty | |
Sulaiman Badrul Alam Shah | 1722–1760 |
Abdul Jalil Muazzam Shah | 1760–1761 |
Ahmad Riayat Shah | 1761 - 1761 |
Mahmud Shah III | 1761–1812 |
Abdul Rahman Muazzam Shah | 1812–1819 |
Hussein Shah (Tengku Long) | 1819–1835 |
Ali | 1835–1877 |
Temenggong Dynasty | |
Raja Temenggung Tun Ibrahim | 1855–1862 |
Abu Bakar | 1862–1895 |
Ibrahim | 1895–1959 |
Ismail | 1959–1981 |
Mahmud Iskandar Al-Haj | 1981–2010 |
Ibrahim Ismail | 2010 - current |
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