John Cheyne may refer to:
- Sir John Cheyne (speaker) (died 1414), Speaker of the House of Commons
- John Cheyne (MP for Buckinghamshire) (died c.1447), MP for Buckinghamshire, 1413,1415,1425 and 1427
- Sir John Cheyne (builder of Chenies Manor) in Buckinghamshire c.1460
- Sir John Cheyne (died 1468), c.1390–1468), MP for Buckinghamshire, 1421 to 1445
- John Cheyne (died 1585), Member of Parliament for Chipping Wycombe
- John Cheyne (by 1510–67), Member of Parliament for Dover, Winchelsea and Berkshire
- John Cheyne, Baron Cheyne (1445–1499), Master of the Horse to Edward IV of England
- John Cheyne (physician) (1777–1836), British physician, surgeon and author
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