Japanese Particles - Types of Particles

Types of Particles

There are eight types of particles, depending on what function they serve.

• Case markers (格助詞, kaku-joshi?)

が、の、を、に、へ、と、で、から、より

• Parallel markers (並立助詞, heiritsu-joshi?)

か、の、や、に、と、やら、なり、だの

• Sentence ending particles (終助詞, shū-joshi?)

か、の、や、な、わ、とも、かしら

• Interjectory particles (間投助詞, kantō-joshi?)

さ、よ、ね

• Adverbial particles (副助詞, fuku-joshi?)

ばかり、まで、だけ、ほど、くらい、など、なり、やら

• Binding particles (係助詞, kakari-joshi?)

は、も、こそ、でも、しか、さえ、だに

• Conjunctive particles (接続助詞, setsuzoku-joshi?)

や、が、て、のに、ので、から、ところが、けれども

• Phrasal particles (準体助詞, juntai-joshi?)

の、から

Note that some particles appear in two types. For example, "kara" is a case marker where it describes where something is from or what happens after something; when it describes a cause it is a conjunctive particle.