Islamic Criminal Jurisprudence - Hudud

Hudud

Hudud, meaning "limits", is the most serious category and includes crimes specified in the Quran.

These are:

1. Drinking alcohol (sharb al-khamr, شرب الخمر)
2. Theft (as-sariqah, السرقة)
3. Highway robbery (qat`a at-tariyq, قطع الطريق)
4. Illegal sexual intercourse (az-zinā', الزناء)
5. False accusation of illegal sexual intercourse (qadhf, القذف)
6. Apostasy (irtidād or ridda, ارتداد) - includes blasphemy.

The Shafi'i school of Islamic jurisprudence does not include highway robbery. The Hanafi school does not include rebellion and heresy.

Except for drinking alcohol, punishments for all hudud crimes are specified in the Quran or Hadith: stoning-Hadith, amputation and flogging.