Natural Sciences
- Inversion (geology), the relative uplift of a previously basinal area resulting from local shortening, in structural geology
- Inversion (meteorology), air temperature increasing with height
- Inversion (evolutionary biology), a hypothesis about the evolution of the dorsoventral axis in animals
- Chromosomal inversion in genetics, where a segment of a chromosome is reversed end-to-end
- Island of inversion, a group of elements with abnormal nuclear shell structure
- Nitrogen inversion, a chemical process in which a trigonal nitrogen-containing structure turns inside-out
- Population inversion, in statistical mechanics, when a system exists in state with more members in an excited state than in lower-energy states
- Seismic inversion, transforming seismic reflection data into a quantitative rock-property description of a geological formation
- Inversion (genetics/enzymology), directional change of an DNA-insert catalyzed by an invertase
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