List of Human Interleukins
A list of interleukins:
| Name | Source | Target receptors | Target cells | Function |
| IL-1 | macrophages, B cells, monocytes, dendritic cells | CD121a/IL1R1, CD121b/IL1R2 | T helper cells | co-stimulation |
| B cells | maturation & proliferation | |||
| NK cells | activation | |||
| macrophages, endothelium, other | inflammation, small amounts induce acute phase reaction, large amounts induce fever | |||
| IL-2 | Th1-cells | CD25/IL2RA, CD122/IL2RB, CD132/IL2RG | activated T cells and B cells, NK cells, macrophages, oligodendrocytes | stimulates growth and differentiation of T cell response. Can be used in immunotherapy to treat cancer or suppressed for transplant patients. Has also been used in clinical trials (ESPIRIT. Stalwart) to raise CD4 counts in HIV positive patients. |
| IL-3 | activated T helper cells, mast cells, NK cells, endothelium, eosinophils | CD123/IL3RA, CD131/IL3RB | hematopoietic stem cells | differentiation and proliferation of myeloid progenitor cells to e.g. erythrocytes, granulocytes |
| mast cells | growth and histamine release | |||
| IL-4 | Th2 cells, just activated naive CD4+ cell, memory CD4+ cells, mast cells, macrophages | CD124/IL4R, CD132/IL2RG | activated B cells | proliferation and differentiation, IgG1 and IgE synthesis. Important role in allergic response (IgE) |
| T cells | proliferation | |||
| endothelium | ||||
| IL-5 | Th2 cells, mast cells, eosinophils | CD125/IL5RA, CD131/IL3RB | eosinophils | production |
| B cells | differentiation, IgA production | |||
| IL-6 | macrophages, Th2 cells, B cells, astrocytes, endothelium | CD126/IL6RA, CD130/IR6RB | activated B cells | differentiation into plasma cells |
| plasma cells | antibody secretion | |||
| hematopoietic stem cells | differentiation | |||
| T cells, others | induces acute phase reaction, hematopoiesis, differentiation, inflammation | |||
| IL-7 | Bone marrow stromal cells and thymus stromal cells | CD127/IL7RA, CD132/IL2RG | pre/pro-B cell, pre/pro-T cell, NK cells | differentiation and proliferation of lymphoid progenitor cells, involved in B, T, and NK cell survival, development, and homeostasis, ↑proinflammatory cytokines |
| IL-8 or CXCL8 | macrophages, lymphocytes, epithelial cells, endothelial cells | CXCR1/IL8RA, CXCR2/IL8RB/CD128 | neutrophils, basophils, lymphocytes | Neutrophil chemotaxis |
| IL-9 | Th2 cells, specifically by CD4+ helper cells | CD129/IL9R | T cells, B cells | Potentiates IgM, IgG, IgE, stimulates mast cells |
| IL-10 | monocytes, Th2 cells, CD8+ T cells, mast cells, macrophages, B cell subset | CD210/IL10RA, CDW210B/IL10RB | macrophages | cytokine production |
| B cells | activation | |||
| mast cells | ||||
| Th1 cells | inhibits Th1 cytokine production (IFN-γ, TNF-β, IL-2) | |||
| Th2 cells | Stimulation | |||
| IL-11 | bone marrow stroma | IL11RA | bone marrow stroma | acute phase protein production, osteoclast formation |
| IL-12 | dendritic cells, B cells, T cells, macrophages | CD212/IL12RB1, IR12RB2 | activated T cells, | differentiation into Cytotoxic T cells with IL-2, ↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α, ↓ IL-10 |
| NK cells | ↑ IFN-γ, TNF-α | |||
| IL-13 | activated Th2 cells, mast cells, NK cells | IL13R | TH2-cells, B cells, macrophages | Stimulates growth and differentiation of B cells (IgE), inhibits TH1-cells and the production of macrophage inflammatory cytokines (e.g. IL-1, IL-6), ↓ IL-8, IL-10, IL-12 |
| IL-14 | T cells and certain malignant B cells | activated B cells | controls the growth and proliferation of B cells, inhibits Ig secretion | |
| IL-15 | mononuclear phagocytes (and some other cells), especially macrophages following infection by virus(es) | IL15RA | T cells, activated B cells | Induces production of Natural killer cells |
| IL-16 | lymphocytes, epithelial cells, eosinophils, CD8+ T cells | CD4 | CD4+ T cells (Th-cells) | CD4+ chemoattractant |
| IL-17 | T helper 17 cells (Th17) | CDw217/IL17RA, IL17RB | epithelium, endothelium, other | osteoclastogenesis, angiogenesis, ↑ inflammatory cytokines |
| IL-18 | macrophages | CDw218a/IL18R1 | Th1 cells, NK cells | Induces production of IFNγ, ↑ NK cell activity |
| IL-19 | - | IL20R | - | |
| IL-20 | Activated keratinocytes and monocytes | IL20R | regulates proliferation and differentiation of keratinocytes | |
| IL-21 | activated T helper cells, NKT cells | IL21R | All lymphocytes, dendritic cells | costimulates activation and proliferation of CD8+ T cells, augment NK cytotoxicity, augments CD40-driven B cell proliferation, differentiation and isotype switching, promotes differentiation of Th17 cells |
| IL-22 | - | IL22R | Activates STAT1 and STAT3 and increases production of acute phase proteins such as serum amyloid A, Alpha 1-antichymotrypsin and haptoglobin in hepatoma cell lines | |
| IL-23 | - | IL23R | Increases angiogenesis but reduces CD8 T-cell infiltration | |
| IL-24 | - | IL20R | Plays important roles in tumor suppression, wound healing and psoriasis by influencing cell survival. | |
| IL-25 | - | LY6E | Induces the production IL-4, IL-5 and IL-13, which stimulate eosinophil expansion | |
| IL-26 | - | IL20R1 | Enhances secretion of IL-10 and IL-8 and cell surface expression of CD54 on epithelial cells | |
| IL-27 | - | IL27RA | Regulates the activity of B lymphocyte and T lymphocytes | |
| IL-28 | - | IL28R | Plays a role in immune defense against viruses | |
| IL-29 | - | Plays a role in host defenses against microbes | ||
| IL-30 | - | Forms one chain of IL-27 | ||
| IL-31 | - | IL31RA | May play a role in inflammation of the skin | |
| IL-32 | - | Induces monocytes and macrophages to secrete TNF-α, IL-8 and CXCL2 | ||
| IL-33 | - | Induces helper T cells to produce type 2 cytokine | ||
| IL-35 | regulatory T cells | Suppression of T helper cell activation | ||
| IL-36 | - | Regulates DC and T cell responses |
Read more about this topic: Interleukin
Famous quotes containing the words list of, list and/or human:
“A man’s interest in a single bluebird is worth more than a complete but dry list of the fauna and flora of a town.”
—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)
“Thirty—the promise of a decade of loneliness, a thinning list of single men to know, a thinning brief-case of enthusiasm, thinning hair.”
—F. Scott Fitzgerald (1896–1940)
“If human beings are immortal, so are animals. If matter has the ability to remember, it also has the ability to think.”
—Franz Grillparzer (1791–1872)