Intelligence Cycle Management - "Intelligence" Defined

"Intelligence" Defined

Johnston's ethnographic study of analytic culture established the following "consensus" definitions for intelligence, intelligence analysis, and intelligence errors:

  • Definition 1: Intelligence is secret state or group activity to understand or influence foreign or domestic entities.
  • Definition 2: Intelligence analysis is the application of individual and collective cognitive methods to weigh data and test hypotheses within a secret socio-cultural context.
  • Definition 3: Intelligence errors are factual inaccuracies in analysis resulting from poor or missing data; intelligence failure is systemic organizational surprise resulting from incorrect, missing, discarded, or inadequate hypotheses.

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