Integral Symbol - Typography in Other Languages

Typography in Other Languages

In other languages, the shape of the integral symbol differs slightly from the shape commonly seen in English-language textbooks. While the English integral symbol leans to the right, the German symbol (used throughout Central Europe) is upright, and the Russian variant leans to the left.

Another difference is in the placement of limits for definite integrals. Generally, in English-language books, limits go to the right of the integral symbol:

By contrast, in German and Russian texts, limits for definite integrals are placed above and below the integral symbol and as a result the notation requires larger line spacing:

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