Insulin Receptor

Insulin Receptor

Identifiers Symbols INSR; CD220; HHF5 External IDs OMIM: 147670 MGI: 96575 HomoloGene: 20090 ChEMBL: 1981 GeneCards: INSR Gene EC number 2.7.10.1

Gene Ontology
Molecular function	• protein tyrosine kinase activity • receptor signaling protein tyrosine kinase activity • insulin-activated receptor activity • insulin-like growth factor receptor binding • protein binding • ATP binding • GTP binding • protein phosphatase binding • lipoic acid binding • insulin-like growth factor I binding • insulin-like growth factor II binding • protein complex binding • SH2 domain binding • 3-phosphoinositide-dependent protein kinase binding • phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase binding • insulin binding • insulin receptor substrate binding • PTB domain binding
Cellular component	• nucleus • cytosol • plasma membrane • integral to plasma membrane • insulin receptor complex • caveola • endosome membrane • membrane • synapse
Biological process	• activation of MAPK activity • negative regulation of protein phosphorylation • positive regulation of protein phosphorylation • heart morphogenesis • carbohydrate metabolic process • regulation of transcription, DNA-dependent • G-protein coupled receptor signaling pathway • positive regulation of cell proliferation • insulin receptor signaling pathway • response to glucose stimulus • response to manganese ion • regulation of hydrogen peroxide metabolic process • positive regulation of glycoprotein biosynthetic process • negative regulation of gene expression • response to activity • peptidyl-tyrosine phosphorylation • transformation of host cell by virus • signal transduction by phosphorylation • male sex determination • positive regulation of cell migration • exocrine pancreas development • activation of protein kinase activity • activation of protein kinase B activity • response to estradiol stimulus • negative regulation of transporter activity • cellular response to insulin stimulus • response to vitamin D • response to testosterone stimulus • response to tumor necrosis factor • glucose homeostasis • positive regulation of MAPK cascade • positive regulation of nitric oxide biosynthetic process • fat cell differentiation • response to ethanol • positive regulation of glycogen biosynthetic process • positive regulation of DNA replication • positive regulation of glycolysis • positive regulation of mitosis • regulation of embryonic development • positive regulation of glucose import • protein autophosphorylation • positive regulation of developmental growth • protein heterotetramerization • response to glucocorticoid stimulus • positive regulation of protein kinase B signaling cascade • positive regulation of respiratory burst • cellular response to growth factor stimulus
Sources: Amigo / QuickGO

RNA expression pattern More reference expression data Orthologs Species Human Mouse Entrez 3643 16337 Ensembl ENSG00000171105 ENSMUSG00000005534 UniProt P06213 P15208 RefSeq (mRNA) NM_000208.2 NM_010568.2 RefSeq (protein) NP_000199.2 NP_034698.2 Location (UCSC) Chr 19:
7.11 – 7.29 Mb Chr 8:
3.15 – 3.28 Mb PubMed search

The insulin receptor (IR) is a transmembrane receptor that is activated by insulin, IGF-I, IGF-II and belongs to the large class of tyrosine kinase receptors. Metabolically, the insulin receptor plays a key role in the regulation of glucose homeostasis, a functional process that under degenerate conditions may result in a range of clinical manifestations including diabetes and cancer. Biochemically, the insulin receptor is encoded by a single gene INSR, from which alternate splicing during transcription results in either IR-A or IR-B isoforms. Downstream post-translational events of either isoform result in the formation of a proteolytically cleaved α and β subunit, which upon combination are ultimately capable of homo or hetero-dimerisation to produce the ≈320 kDa disulfide-linked transmembrane insulin receptor.