A Limitation of Logic Due To Lack of Information
An open Actor system S is one in which the addresses of outside Actors can be passed into S in the middle of computations so that S can communicate with these outside Actors. These outside Actors can then in turn communicate with Actors internal to S using addresses supplied to them by S. Due to limitation of the inability to deduce arrival orderings, knowledge of what messages are sent from outside would not enable the response of S to be deduced. When other models of concurrent systems ( e.g., process calculi) are used to implement open systems, these systems also can have behavior that depends on arrival time orderings and so cannot be implemented by logical deduction.
Read more about this topic: Indeterminacy In Concurrent Computation
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