An improved drinking-water source is defined as one that, by nature of its construction or through active intervention, is likely to be protected from outside contamination, in particular from contamination with fecal matter.
To allow for international comparability of estimates for monitoring the Millennium Development Goals (MDGs), the World Health Organization/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Program (JMP) for Water Supply and Sanitation defines "improved" drinking water sources as follows:
- Piped water into dwelling
- Piped water into yard/plot
- Public tap /standpipes
- Tubewell /boreholes
- Protected dug wells
- Protected springs
- rainwater collection
- Bottled water, if the secondary source used by the household for cooking and personal hygiene is improved
Water sources that are not considered as "improved" are:
- Unprotected dug wells
- Unprotected springs
- Vendor provided water
- Cart with small tank/drum
- Bottled water, if the secondary source used by the household for cooking and personal hygiene is unimproved
- Tanker-truck
- Surface water
Other articles related to "water, source, improved water, sources, improved water source, improved":
... Figures on access to water and sanitation vary depending on the source of information, apparently in part because different definitions may have been used for access to an Improved water ... The fact that many rural water systems are not functioning properly makes it also difficult to estimate effective access to improved water supply ... The following table compares access to water supply according to various sources, highlighting the difficulty to obtain reliable data on the change in access to water supply ...
... granular material (such as sand or silt), clay, and water ... When water in the sand cannot escape, it creates liquefied soil that loses strength and cannot support weight ... Quicksand can be formed in standing water or in upwards flowing water (as from an artesian spring) ...
... In Pakistan, according to the Joint Monitoring Program for Water Supply and Sanitation of the World Health Organization and UNICEF, access in Pakistan to an improved water source increased from 85% in ... In the same time, improved sanitation coverage increased from 27% to 48% (see table 1) ... Table 1 Access to Water and Sanitation in Pakistan (2010) Urban (36% of the population) Rural (64% of the population) Total Water Broad definition 96% 89% 92% House connections 57% 15% 29% Sanitation Broad ...
... Water is used in literature as a symbol of purification ... Sherlock Holmes held that "From a drop of water, a logician could infer the possibility of an Atlantic or a Niagara without having seen or heard of one or the other." ...
... At the turn of the 20th century, synchronized swimming was known as water ballet ... or Glasgow which were equipped with huge on-stage water tanks for the purpose ... with various diving actions and stunts in the water, Katherine Curtis started one of the first water ballet clubs at the University of Chicago, where the team began ...
Famous quotes containing the words source, improved and/or water:
“I am no source of honey
So why should they turn on me?
Tomorrow I will be sweet God, I will set them free.
The box is only temporary.”
—Sylvia Plath (1932–1963)
“The liberal wing of the feminist movement may have improved the lives of its middle- and upper-class constituency—indeed, 1992 was the Year of the White Middle Class Woman—but since the leadership of this faction of the feminist movement has singled out black men as the meta-enemy of women, these women represent one of the most serious threats to black male well-being since the Klan.”
—Ishmael Reed (b. 1938)
“The dominant and most deep-dyed trait of the journalist is his timorousness. Where the novelist fearlessly plunges into the water of self-exposure, the journalist stands trembling on the shore in his beach robe.... The journalist confines himself to the clean, gentlemanly work of exposing the griefs and shames of others.”
—Janet Malcolm (b. 1934)