Consequences
Solvent-Solute interactions are similar to solute-solute and solvent-solvent interactions
Since the enthalpy of mixing (solution) is zero, the change in Gibbs free energy on mixing is determined solely by the entropy of mixing. Hence the molar Gibbs free energy of mixing is
or for a two component solution
where m denotes molar i.e. change in Gibbs free energy per mole of solution, and is the mole fraction of component .
Note that this free energy of mixing is always negative (since each is positive and each must be negative) i.e. ideal solutions are always completely miscible.
The equation above can be expressed in terms of chemical potentials of the individual components
where is the change in chemical potential of on mixing.
If the chemical potential of pure liquid is denoted, then the chemical potential of in an ideal solution is
Any component of an ideal solution obeys Raoult's Law over the entire composition range:
where
- is the equilibrium vapor pressure of the pure component
- is the mole fraction of the component in solution
It can also be shown that volumes are strictly additive for ideal solutions.
Read more about this topic: Ideal Solution
Famous quotes containing the word consequences:
“Results are what you expect, and consequences are what you get.”
—schoolgirl’s definition, quoted in Ladies’ Home Journal (New York, Jan. 1942)
“The horror of Gandhi’s murder lies not in the political motives behind it or in its consequences for Indian policy or for the future of non-violence; the horror lies simply in the fact that any man could look into the face of this extraordinary person and deliberately pull a trigger.”
—Mary McCarthy (1912–1989)
“There is a delicate balance of putting yourself last and not being a doormat and thinking of yourself first and not coming off as selfish, arrogant, or bossy. We spend the majority of our lives attempting to perfect this balance. When we are successful, we have many close, healthy relationships. When we are unsuccessful, we suffer the natural consequences of damaged and sometimes broken relationships. Children are just beginning their journey on this important life lesson.”
—Cindy L. Teachey. “Building Lifelong Relationships—School Age Programs at Work,” Child Care Exchange (January 1994)