Hydrides - Appendix On Nomenclature

Appendix On Nomenclature

Protide, deuteride, and tritide are used to describe ions or compounds, which contain enriched hydrogen-1, deuterium or tritium, respectively.

In the classic meaning, hydride refers to any compounds hydrogen forms with other elements, ranging over groups 1–16 (the binary compounds of hydrogen). The following is a list of the nomenclature for the hydride derivatives of main group compounds according to this definition:

• alkali and alkaline earth metals: metal hydride
• boron: borane, BH₃
• aluminium: alumane, AlH₃
• gallium: gallane, GaH₃
• indium: indigane, InH₃
• thallium: thallane, TlH₃
• carbon: alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, and all hydrocarbons
• silicon: silane
• germanium: germane
• tin: stannane
• lead: plumbane
• nitrogen: ammonia ('azane' when substituted), hydrazine
• phosphorus: phosphine (note 'phosphane' is the IUPAC recommended name)
• arsenic: arsine (note 'arsane' is the IUPAC recommended name)
• antimony: stibine (note 'stibane' is the IUPAC recommended name)
• bismuth: bismuthine (note 'bismuthane' is the IUPAC recommended name)
• helium: helium hydride (only exists as an ion)

According to the convention above, the following are "hydrogen compounds" and not "hydrides":

• oxygen: water ('oxidane' when substituted; synonym: oxygen hydride), hydrogen peroxide
• sulfur: hydrogen sulfide ('sulfane' when substituted) synonym: sulfur hydride
• selenium: hydrogen selenide ('selane' when substituted)
• tellurium: hydrogen telluride ('tellane' when substituted)
• halogens: hydrogen halides

Examples:

• nickel hydride: used in NiMH batteries
• palladium hydride: electrodes in cold fusion experiments
• lithium aluminium hydride: a powerful reducing agent used in organic chemistry
• sodium borohydride: selective specialty reducing agent, hydrogen storage in fuel cells
• sodium hydride: a powerful base used in organic chemistry
• diborane: reducing agent, rocket fuel, semiconductor dopant, catalyst, used in organic synthesis; also borane, pentaborane and decaborane
• arsine: used for doping semiconductors
• stibine: used in semiconductor industry
• phosphine: used for fumigation
• silane: many industrial uses, e.g. manufacture of composite materials and water repellents
• ammonia: coolant, fuel, fertilizer, many other industrial uses
• hydrogen sulfide: component of natural gas, important source of sulfur
• Chemically, even water and hydrocarbons could be considered hydrides.

A notable thing is that all solid non-metallic & metalloid hydrides are highly flammable. But,when Hydrogen combines with halogens, it produces acids rather than hydrides and they are not flammable.