Quick Facts
| Genus and species | Necator americanus | Ancylostoma duodenale |
|---|---|---|
| Common name | New world hookworm | Old world hookworm |
| Etiologic agent of | Necatoriasis, uncinariasis | Ancylostomiasis, Wakana disease |
| Infective stage | Filariform larva | |
| Definitive host | Human | |
| Portal of entry | Usually via skin penetration rather than ingestion | Usually via ingestion rather than skin penetration |
| Mode of transmission | Skin > mouth | Mouth > skin |
| Habitat | Small intestine (jejunum, ileum) | Small intestine (duodenum, jejunum) |
| Pathogenic stage | L3 Larva | |
| Maturation time in host (days) | 49–56 | 53 |
| Mode of attachment | Oral attachment to mucosa by sucking | |
| Mode of nutrition | Sucking and ingesting of blood | |
| Pathogenesis | Larva – ground / dew itch, creeping eruption
Adult – IDA Microcytic, Hypochromic Anemia |
|
| Laboratory diagnosis | Concentration methods and direct fecal smear | |
| Treatment | Albendazole, Mebendazole, or Pyrantel Pamoate | |
| Length of adult hookworm (mm) | 5–9 for males; 9–11 for females | 8–11 for males; 10–13 for females |
| Shape | Head curved opposite to curvature of body, giving a hooked appearance to anterior end | Head continuous in same direction as the body |
| Egg output per female worm per day | 5,000–10,000 | 10,000–25,000 |
| Blood loss per worm per day (ml) | 0.03 | 0.15–0.23 |
| Temperature at which 90% of eggs hatch (°C) | 20–35 | 15–35 |
| Diagnostic feature – adult | Semi-lunar cutting plate; bipartite dorsal ray | Male – Tripartite dorsal ray |
| Diagnostic feature – egg | In morula | |
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