Hobbit (Хоббит) is a Soviet/Russian 8-bit home computer, based on the Sinclair ZX Spectrum hardware architecture. It also featured a CP/M mode and Forth mode or LOGO mode, with the Forth or LOGO operating environment residing in an on-board ROM chip.
Hobbit was invented by Dmitry Mikhailov (Russian: Дмитрий Михайлов) and Mikhail Osetinskii (Михаил Осетинский) in Leningrad, Russia in the late 1980s. Its first circuitry layout was designed on an earlier home-made computer (built using ASMP of three KR580 chips, the Soviet clones of Intel 8080), by Dmitry Mikhilov as well. The computer was manufactured by the joint venture InterCompex.
Hobbit was marketed in the former Soviet Union as a low-cost personal computer solution for basic educational and office business needs, in additional to its obvious use as a home computer. Schools would buy it for a classroom, interconnecting several machines in a 56K baud network. It was possible to use either another Hobbit or a single IBM PC compatible computer as a master host on the network; a special Hobbit network adapter card by InterCompex was needed for the IBM PC in the latter case.
Hobbit was also briefly marketed in the U.K., targeted mainly at the existing ZX Spectrum fans willing to lay their hands on a better computer compatible with the familiar architecture. Though rarely available in the domestic market, export models featured the internal 3.5" drive, just like an Atari ST or an Amiga. Such models always had both the EGA and the TV output connectors operational, as well as the AY8910 sound chip. Domestic models often did not include either the TV output converter or the internal speaker or both. The AY8910 for the domestic models was sold separately as an external extension module, hanging off the same extension bus as the optional external disk drive. The Hobbit was not sold in the UK for long. The official reason distributed internally by InterCompex was that the electrical cable failed some UK safety testS, but it could also be that the Sinclair intellectual property issues were the real reasons behind the scenes.
Another extension was the SME board (Screen and Memory Extension). This featured 32 KB cache memory, some of which could be dedicated to video text buffer in CGA mode (this was supported by drivers available only in the FORTH or the CP/M environments; no known programs using the Sinclair-based BASIC mode used this feature).