By Country
Pan and Pfeil (2002) distinguish 33 peoples which form the majority population in at least one sovereign state geographically situated in Europe. These majorities range from nearly homogeneous populations as in Albania or Poland, to comparatively slight majorities as in Latvia or Belgium. Bosnia and Herzegovina and Montenegro are multiethnic states in which no group forms a majority.
| Country | Majority | % | Regional majorities | Other minorities |
| Albania | Albanians | 92% | Greeks ~6%, other 2% (Vlachs, Romani, Serbs, Macedonians, Bulgarians and Turks). | |
| Austria | Austrians | 91.1% | South Slavs 4% (includes Burgenland Croats, Carinthian Slovenes, Croats, Slovenes, Serbs and Bosniaks), Turks 1.6%, Germans 0.9%, and other or unspecified 2.4%. (2001 census) | |
| Belarus | Belarusians | 81.2% | Russians 11.4%, Poles 3.9%, Ukrainians 2.4%, and other 1.1%. (1999 census) | |
| Belgium | Flemings | 58% | Walloons 31%, Germans 1% | mixed or other (i.e. Luxembourgers, Eastern or Southern Europeans, Africans and Asians, and Latin Americans) 10%. |
| Bosnia and Herzegovina | — | Bosniak 48%, Serbs 37.1% Croats 14.3% | other 0.6%.(2000) | |
| Bulgaria | Bulgarians | 84% | Turks 9% | Roma 5%, Others 2% (including Russian, Armenian, Tatar, and Vlach). (2001 census) |
| Croatia | Croats | 89.6% | Serbs 4.5%, other 5.9% (including Bosniak, Hungarian, Slovene, Czech, Dalmatian Italians, Austrian-German, Romanian and Romani). (2001 census) | |
| Czech Republic | Czechs | 90.4% | Moravians 3.7% | Slovaks 1.9%, and other 4%. (2001 census) |
| Denmark | Danes | 90% | Faroese | other Scandinavian, Germans, Frisians, other European, Greenlandic people and others. |
| Estonia | Estonians | 67.9% | Estonian Swedes | Baltic Russians 25.6%, Ukrainians 2.1%, Belarusians 1.3%, Finns 0.9%, and other (Baltic Germans) 2.2%. (2000 census) |
| Finland | Finns | 93.4% | Swedes 5.6%, Sami 0.1% | Russians 0.5%, Estonians 0.3%, Romani 0.1% and Turks 0.05%. (2006) |
| France | French | 84% | (includes sometimes considered as "regional groups" like Bretons, Corsicans, Occitans, Alsatians, Normans, Picards, Savoyards, Basques, Catalans and Flemings). | other European 7%, North African 7%, Sub-Saharan African, Indochinese, Asian, Latin American and Pacific Islander. French with recent immigrant background (at least one great-grandparent) 33%. |
| Germany | Germans | 81%-91% | includes Bavarians, Swabians, Saxons, Frisians, Sorbs, Silesians, Saarland Germans, Polish-Germans and Schleswig-Holstein Danes). | Germans without immigrant background 81%; Germans with immigrant background (including ethnic German repatriates and people of partial immigrant background) 10%; Foreigners 9%: Turks 2.1%, others 6.7% and non-European descent about 2 to 5%). |
| Greece | Greeks | 93% | includes linguistic minorities 3% | Albanians 4%, and other (i.e. Aromanians/Megleno-Romanians, Cretan Turks and Macedonian/Greek Slavic 3%. (2001 census) |
| Hungary | Hungarians | 92.3% | Romani 1.9%, Germans 1.2%, other (i.e. Croats, Romanians, Bulgarians, Turks and Ruthenians) or unknown 4.6%. (2001 census) | |
| Iceland | Icelanders | 94% | other (non-native/immigrants - mainly Polish, Russian, Greek, Portuguese and Filipino) 6%. | |
| Ireland | Irish | 87.4% | Protestant Irish or Anglo-Irish | other white (large numbers of Latvian, Polish and Ukrainian migration) 7.5%, Asian 1.3%, black 1.1%, mixed 1.1%, and unspecified (i.e. Ulster Scots and Irish Travellers) 1.6%. (2006 census) |
| Italy | Italians | 92.5% | includes Sicilians, Sardinians, Lombards and other subgroups plus German-speakers in South Tyrol and French-speaking minority of Val d'Aosta. | other European (mostly Romanians, Albanians, followed by Ukrainians, a recognised Slovene minority, Polish, Greek, British, French and Macedonian) 4%, North African Arab 1%, and others (i.e. Chinese, Filipino, Indian, Black African and Latin American) 2.5%. |
| Kosovo | Albanians | 88% | Serbs 7% | other 5% (Bosniak, Gorani, Romani, Turk, Ashkali and Egyptians, and Macedonian). |
| Latvia | Latvians | 62.1% | Baltic Russians 26.9% | Belarusian 3.3%, Ukrainian 2.2%, Polish 2.2%, Lithuanian 1.2%, Livonian (Finno-Estonian) 0.1% and other 2.0%. (2011) |
| Lithuania | Lithuanians | 83.5% | Poles 6.74%, Russians 6.31%, Belorussians 1.23%, other (Lipka Tatars) 2.27% and Jews (Karaites and Yiddish-speaking) 0.01%. (2001 census) | |
| Macedonia | Macedonians | 64.2% | Albanians 25.2%, Turks 3.9% | Romani 2.7%, Serbs 1.8%, and other (i.e. Greeks, Bulgarians, Romanians and Croats) 2.2%. (2002 census) |
| Malta | Maltese | 95.3% | Sporadic number of Maltese of Italian ancestry 4.5%. | |
| Moldova | Moldovans | 75.8% | Ukrainians 8.4%, Gagauz 4.4% | Russians 5.9%, Romanians 2.1%, Bulgarians 1.9%, and other 1.3%. (2004 census) |
| Montenegro | — | Montenegrins 44.98%, Serbs 28.73% | Bosniaks 8.65%, Albanians 4.91%, and other (Croats, Greeks, Romani and Macedonians) 12,73%. (2011 census) | |
| Netherlands | Dutch | 80.7% | Frisians 3% | other European Union nationals 5%, Indonesians 2.4%, Turks 2.2%, Surinamese 2%, Moroccans 2%, Netherlands Antilles & Aruban 0.8%, other 4.8% and Frisian-speaking dominant 0.01%. (2008 est.) |
| Norway | Norwegians | 85-87 % | Sami 1.2 - 2.5% | Poles 1.4 %. A variety of other ethnicities with background from 219 countries that together make up approximately 12 % (Swedes, Pakistanis, Somalis, Iraqi Arabs and Kurds, Vietnamese, Germans, Lithuanians) (2012) |
| Poland | Poles | 96.7% | Germans 0.4%, Belarusians 0.1%, Ukrainians 0.1%, other and unspecified (i.e. Silesians, Prussian Lithuanians and Kashubians) 2.7%, and about 5,000 Polish Jews reported to reside in the country. (2002 census) | |
| Portugal | Portuguese | 92% | other 8% - European Union (i.e. Spanish, British, German, French, Romanians, Bulgarians and Hungarians) and non-EU nationals (i.e. Ukrainians, Moldavians, Russians, Serbs and Croats); Africans from Portuguese-speaking Africa, Brazilians, Chinese, Indians, Portuguese Gypsies and local Portuguese Mirandese speakers (i.e. Mirandese language). | |
| Romania | Romanians | 89.5% | Hungarians 6.6%, Romani 2.5%, Germans 0.3% | Ukrainians 0.3%, Russians 0.2%, Turks 0.2%, other 0.4% and Jewish 0.1%. (2002 census) |
| Russia | Russians | 79.8% | Tatars 3.8%, Kalmyks, Chechens, Circassians, Ossetians and others | Ukrainians 2%, Bashkir 1.2%, Chuvash 1.1% and other or unspecified (Kazakhs, Nogais, Mordvins, Komi, Azerbaijanis and Armenians) 12.1%, and a total of 102 other nationalities. (2002 census, includes Asian Russia). |
| Serbia | Serbs | 82.9% | Hungarians 3.9%, Romani 1.4%, Yugoslavs 1.1%, Bosniaks 1.8%, Montenegrin 0.9%, and other 8%. i.e. Macedonians, Slovaks, Romanians, Croats, Ruthenes, Germans and other. (2002 census, includes Kosovo). | |
| Slovakia | Slovaks | 85.8% | Hungarians 9.7% | Romani 1.7%, Ruthenian/Ukrainian 1%, other and unspecified 1.8%. (2001 census) |
| Slovenia | Slovenes | 83.1% | Serbs 2%, Croats 1.8%, Bosniaks 1.1%, other (Dalmatian Italians, ethnic Germans, Hungarians and Romanians) and/or unspecified 12%. (2002 census) | |
| Spain | Spaniards | 89% | Various nationalities or sub-ethnicities of the Spanish people, including Castilians and Leonese, Catalans/Valencians, Galicians and Basques. | Gypsies, Jews, immigrant peoples (Latin Americans, Romanians, North Africans, sub-Saharan Africans, Chinese, Filipinos, Levant Arabs, and others). |
| Sweden | Swedes | 88% | Finns (Tornedalians), Sami people | foreign-born or first-generation immigrants: Finns (Sweden-Finns), Yugoslavs, Danes, Norwegians, Russians, Syriacs, Greeks, Turks, Iranians, Iraqis, Pakistanis, Thais, Koreans and Chileans. |
| Switzerland | Swiss | 79% | regional linguistic subgroups, including the Alamannic German-speakers, the Romand French-speakers, the Italian-speakers and Romansh people (see Romansh language). | Balkans (Serbs, Croats, Bosniaks or Albanians) 6%, Italians 4%, Portuguese 2%, Germans 1.5%, Turks 1%, Spanish 1% and Ukrainians 0.5%. |
| Turkey | Turks | 75% | Kurds 18% | Balkans (Greeks, Armenians, Jews, Albanians, Bulgarians, Croats, Bosniaks) 7% |
| Ukraine | Ukrainians | 77.8% | Russians 17.3% | Belarusians 0.6%, Moldovans 0.5%, Crimean Tatars 0.5%, Bulgarians 0.4%, Hungarians 0.3%, Romanians 0.3%, Poles 0.3%, Jews 0.2%, Armenians 0.1% and other 1.8%. (2001 census) |
| United Kingdom | White British | >85% | (consisting of English: c 75-80% Scottish: 8.0%, Welsh: 4.5%, Northern Irish: 2.8%, also Cornish, Manx, Romani and Channel Islanders). Included are the inhabitants of Gibraltar. | Black British, Asian British often consists of South Asian and East Indian peoples, Chinese British, various other Commonwealth Citizens and other Europeans. |
Read more about this topic: Historical Ethnic Groups Of Europe
Famous quotes containing the word country:
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—Henry David Thoreau (1817–1862)