Interactions
Similarly to other HES proteins, Hes1 has been shown to interact with the co-repressors which Transducin-like E(spl) (TLE) genes and the Groucho-related gene (Grg), both homologs of the Drosophila groucho. Because Groucho in Drosophila inhibits transcription by recruiting histone deacetylase, it is likely that a Hes-Groucho complex actively blocks transcription by disabling chromatin. Hes proteins also heterodimerize with bHLH repressors such as Hey1 and Hey2, a process which also blocks transcription. Hes factors also heterodimerize with bHLH activators such as E47, also known as Tcfe2a, and Mash1, also known as Ascl1, both of which are the mammalian homologs to proneural genes in Drosophila. The E47-Hes and Mash1-Hes heterodimer complexes cannot bind DNA, and therefore repress transcription. Hes1 also interacts with TLE2 and Sirtuin 1.
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