Mechanism of Action
HCV IRES binds independently two components of eukaryotic translation initiation machinery, protein eIF3 and 40S small ribosome subunit. Moreover, it binds 40S in such a manner that AUG initiator codon is positioned in ribosomal P-site, thus no ribosomal scanning is required. Consequently scanning factors eIF1 and eIF1A are dispensable for the HCV translation. And so are factors generally required for mRNA binding and unwinding of 5'-UTR, eIF4A, eIF4B and eIF4F. Initiator tRNA is brought then either by eIF2 or, in stress conditions when eIF2 is inactivated, by eIF5B, homologoue of prokaryotic IF2 protein.
Read more about this topic: Hepatitis C Virus Internal Ribosome Entry Site
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