Hainburg An Der Donau - History

History

  • The first settlers in the area were the Illyrians and the Celtic people, who lived in Braunsburg. Today's city is next to ancient Roman settlement of Carnuntum, the capital of the province of Pannonia, where Marcus Aurelius once resided.
  • Emperor Henry III ordered a castle built here in 1050.
  • The town had 2 gates, 15 towers, and a 2.5 km wall in the 13th century.
  • The castle in 1108 belonged to the Babenbergers.
  • In the second half of the 12th century, the ransom received from Richard the Lionheart built the castle along with the Viennese gate around 1220 to 1225. The lower part wasn't built until 1267 to 1268 by Ottokar of Bohemia.
  • On February 11, 1252, Ottokar II, later the King of Bohemia, married the last Babenberger Margaret of Austria.
  • In Battle of Dürnkrut in 1278 Ottokar II lost the castle to the Habsburgs.
  • In 1482 after a several months siege the castle was occupied by Hungarian King Matthias Corvinus and his Black Army.
  • In 1629, the castle belonged to the city.
  • On July 11, 1683, the Second Ottoman Campaign destroyed the city along with the castle.
  • In 1709, Count Löwenburg rebuilt the castle.
  • Here Joseph Haydn the composer came as a six-year-old child to learn the rudiments of music from his relative Josef Mathias Franck, and to sing as a choirboy from 1737–1740. There is a Haydn Fountain on the Hauptplatz in the town.
  • Hainburg gained a garrison in the 19th century.
  • Since the end of the First World War, Hainburg has been the easternmost town in Austria.
  • In 1984, protesters against plans to put a power station in the Hainburger Au of the Danube forced the government of Austria to withdraw. (see: Occupation of Hainburger Au).
  • Today, it is part of the Donau-Auen Nationalpark.

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